CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Tajikistan


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!| Background:
 * Tajikistan has completed its transition from the civil war that plagued the country from 1992 to 1997. There have been no major security incidents in more than two years, although the country remains the poorest in the region. Attention by the international community in the wake of the war in Afghanistan has brought increased economic development assistance, which could create jobs and increase stability in the long term. Tajikistan is in the early stages of seeking World Trade Organization membership and has joined NATO's Partnership for Peace.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: water: 400 sq km land: 142,700 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Qullai Ismoili Somoni 7,495 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 0.92% other: 92.47% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements !| Geography - note:
 * Central Asia, west of China
 * 39 00 N, 71 00 E
 * Asia
 * total: 143,100 sq km
 * slightly smaller than Wisconsin
 * total: 3,651 km
 * 0 km (landlocked)
 * none (landlocked)
 * midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains
 * Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest
 * lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m
 * hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold
 * arable land: 6.61%
 * 7,200 sq km (1998 est.)
 * earthquakes and floods
 * inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides
 * party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
 * landlocked; mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 56.1% (male 1,957,712; female 1,976,488) 65 years and over: 4.7% (male 145,717; female 186,467) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 19.2 years female: 19.8 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 99.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 124.47 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 61.53 years female: 67.55 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Nationality: adjective: Tajikistani !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 99.4% male: 99.6% female: 99.1% (2003 est.)
 * 7,011,556 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 39.2% (male 1,384,035; female 1,361,137)
 * total: 19.5 years
 * 2.14% (2004 est.)
 * 32.63 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 8.42 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * -2.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
 * total: 112.1 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 64.47 years
 * 4.11 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
 * less than 200 (2003 est.)
 * less than 100 (2001 est.)
 * noun: Tajikistani(s)
 * Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6%
 * Sunni Muslim 85%, Shi'a Muslim 5%, other 10% (2003 est.)
 * Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Tajikistan local short form: Tojikiston former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: head of government: Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20 January 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly election results: Emomali RAHMONOV elected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMONOV 97%, Davlat USMON 2% elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 6 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president; Tajikistan held a constitutional referendum on 22 June 2003 that, among other things, set a term limit of two seven-year terms for the president !| Legislative branch: election results: Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 65%, Communist Party 20%, Islamic Revival Party 7.5%, other 7.5%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA elections: last held 27 February and 12 March 2000 for the Assembly of Representatives (next to be held NA 2005) and 23 March 2000 for the National Assembly (next to be held NA 2005) !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery: 1725 K Street NW, Suite 409, Washington, DC 20006 FAX: [1] (202) 223-6091 telephone: [1] (202) 223-6090 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: 10 Pavlova Street, Dushanbe, Tajikistan 734003; note - the embassy in Dushanbe is not yet fully operational; most business is still handled in Almaty at: 531 Sayfullin Street, Almaty, Kazakhstan, telephone 7-3272-58-79-61, FAX 7-3272-58-79-68 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [992] (372) 21-03-48, 21-03-52, 24-15-60 FAX: [992] (372) 21-03-62, 51-00-28 !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan
 * republic
 * Dushanbe
 * 2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor); Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon* [Gorno-Badakhshan] (Khorugh), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Viloyati Sughd (Khujand)
 * 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
 * Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)
 * 6 November 1994
 * based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts
 * 18 years of age; universal
 * chief of state: President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992)
 * bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milliy (33 seats; members are indirectly elected, 25 selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; all serve five-year terms)
 * Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
 * Democratic Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV]; Islamic Revival Party [Said Abdullo NURI]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Social Democratic Party or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; Socialist Party or SPT [Mirhuseyn NAZRIYEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]
 * there are three unregistered political parties: Agrarian Party or APT [Hikmatullo Nasriddinov]; Progressive Party [Sulton QUVVATOV]; Unity Party [Hikmatullo SAIDOV]
 * AsDB, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Hamrohon ZARIPOV
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Richard E. HOAGLAND
 * three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 29.1% services: 40.1% (2003 est.) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: 25.2% (1998) !| Distribution of family income - Gini index: !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $238.5 million, including capital expenditures of $86 million (2003 est.) !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Natural gas - production: !| Natural gas - consumption: !| Natural gas - exports: !| Natural gas - imports: !| Current account balance: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: note: the new unit of exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000, with one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles !| Fiscal year:
 * Tajikistan has the lowest per capita GDP among the 15 former Soviet republics. Only 5% to 6% of the land area is arable. Cotton is the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The civil war (1992-97) severely damaged the already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Even though 60% of its people continue to live in abject poverty, Tajikistan has experienced steady economic growth since 1997. Continued privatization of medium and large state-owned enterprises will further increase productivity. Tajikistan's economic situation, however, remains fragile due to uneven implementation of structural reforms, weak governance, widespread unemployment, and the external debt burden. A debt restructuring agreement was reached with Russia in December 2002, including an interest rate of 4%, a 3-year grace period, and a US $49.8 million credit to the Central Bank of Tajikistan.
 * purchasing power parity - $6.812 billion (2003 est.)
 * 7% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 30.8%
 * 7.5% of GDP (2003)
 * 60% (2003 est.)
 * lowest 10%: 3.2%
 * 34.7 (1998)
 * 16.3% (2003 est.)
 * 3.187 million (2000)
 * agriculture 67.2%, industry 7.5%, services 25.3% (2000 est.)
 * 40% (2002 est.)
 * revenues: $253.5 million
 * cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats
 * aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers
 * 10.3% (2000 est.)
 * 14.18 billion kWh (2001)
 * 14.52 billion kWh (2001)
 * 3.909 billion kWh (2001)
 * 5.242 billion kWh (2001)
 * 250 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 20,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * 50 million cu m (2001 est.)
 * 1.3 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 1.25 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * $-50 million (2003)
 * $750 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles
 * Netherlands 25.4%, Turkey 24.4%, Latvia 9.9%, Switzerland 9.7%, Uzbekistan 8.5%, Russia 6.6%, Iran 6.4% (2003)
 * $890 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs
 * Russia 20.2%, Uzbekistan 15.1%, Kazakhstan 10.9%, Azerbaijan 7%, Ukraine 7%, Romania 4.4% (2003)
 * $117.6 million (2003)
 * $1 billion (2002 est.)
 * $60.7 million from US (2001)
 * somoni
 * TJS
 * Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 3.0614 (2003), 2.7641 (2002), 2.3722 (2001), 2.0763 (2000), 1.2378 (1999)
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: cable and microwave radio relay international: country code - 992; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 242,100 (2003)
 * 47,600 (2003)
 * general assessment: poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network
 * AM 8, FM 10, shortwave 2 (2002)
 * 1.291 million (1991)
 * 13 (2001)
 * 820,000 (1997)
 * .tj
 * 69 (2004)
 * 4 (2002)
 * 4,100 (2003)
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!| Railways: broad gauge: 482 km 1.520-m gauge (2003) !| Highways: paved: NA unpaved: NA (2000) !| Waterways: !| Pipelines: !| Ports and harbors: !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2003 est.) !| Airports - with unpaved runways: 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 40 (2003 est.)
 * total: 482 km
 * total: 27,767 km
 * 200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2003)
 * gas 541 km; oil 38 km (2004)
 * none
 * 66 (2003 est.)
 * total: 15
 * total: 51
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military manpower - reaching military age annually: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Army, Air Force, Air Defense Force, Presidential National Guard
 * 18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2004)
 * males age 15-49: 1,762,730 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 1,444,325 (2004 est.)
 * males: 86,761 (2004 est.)
 * $35.4 million (FY01)
 * 3.9% (FY01)
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