CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Senegal


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!| Background:
 * Independent from France in 1960, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. However, the envisaged integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. Despite peace talks, a southern separatist group sporadically has clashed with government forces since 1982. Senegal has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: water: 4,190 sq km land: 192,000 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: unnamed feature near Nepen Diakha 581 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: other: 87.01% (2001) permanent crops: 0.21% !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: !| Geography - note:
 * Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
 * 14 00 N, 14 00 W
 * Africa
 * total: 196,190 sq km
 * slightly smaller than South Dakota
 * total: 2,640 km
 * 531 km
 * territorial sea: 12 nm
 * tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
 * generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
 * lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
 * fish, phosphates, iron ore
 * arable land: 12.78%
 * 710 sq km (1998 est.)
 * lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts
 * wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing
 * party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
 * westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 53.7% (male 2,803,192; female 3,025,304) 65 years and over: 3% (male 158,881; female 171,461) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 17.4 years female: 18.5 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 52.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 60.25 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 54.94 years female: 58.23 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Major infectious diseases: overall degree of risk: very high (2004) !| Nationality: adjective: Senegalese !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 40.2% male: 50% female: 30.7% (2003 est.)
 * 10,852,147 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 43.2% (male 2,368,011; female 2,325,298)
 * total: 18 years
 * 2.52% (2004 est.)
 * 35.72 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 10.74 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
 * total: 56.53 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 56.56 years
 * 4.84 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * 0.8% (2003 est.)
 * 44,000 (2003 est.)
 * 3,500 (2003 est.)
 * typhoid fever, dengue fever, malaria, yellow fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever, schistosomiasis
 * noun: Senegalese (singular and plural)
 * Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%
 * Muslim 94%, indigenous beliefs 1%, Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic)
 * French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Senegal local short form: Senegal local long form: Republique du Senegal !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: head of government: Prime Minister Macky SALL (since 21 April 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term under new constitution; election last held 27 February and 19 March 2000 (next to be held 27 February 2005); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Abdoulaye WADE elected president; percent of vote in the second round of voting - Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 58.49%, Abdou DIOUF (PS) 41.51% !| Legislative branch: note: the former National Assembly, dissolved in the spring of 2001, had 140 seats election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SOPI Coalition 89, AFP 11, PS 10, other 10 elections: last held 29 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2006) !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery: 2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 consulate(s) general: New York FAX: [1] (202) 332-6315 telephone: [1] (202) 234-0540 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Rue Kleber, Dakar mailing address: B. P. 49, Dakar telephone: [221] 823-4296 FAX: [221] 822-2991 !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Republic of Senegal
 * republic under multiparty democratic rule
 * Dakar
 * 11 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor
 * 4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence was achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
 * Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
 * a new constitution was adopted 7 January 2001
 * based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court; the Council of State audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
 * 18 years of age; universal
 * chief of state: President Abdoulaye WADE (since 1 April 2000)
 * unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)
 * Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note - the judicial system was reformed in 1992
 * African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also known as PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP (also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madier DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition (a coalition led by the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties
 * labor; Muslim brotherhoods; students; teachers
 * ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Amadou Lamine BA
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Richard Alan ROTH
 * three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 27.2% services: 56% (2003 est.) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: 33.5% (1995) !| Distribution of family income - Gini index: !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $1.367 billion, including capital expenditures of $357 million (2003 est.) !| Public debt: !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Natural gas - production: !| Natural gas - consumption: !| Natural gas - exports: !| Natural gas - imports: !| Current account balance: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * In January 1994, Senegal undertook a bold and ambitious economic reform program with the support of the international donor community. This reform began with a 50% devaluation of Senegal's currency, the CFA franc, which was linked at a fixed rate to the French franc. Government price controls and subsidies have been steadily dismantled. After seeing its economy contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to the reform program, with real growth in GDP averaging 5% annually during 1995-2003. Annual inflation had been pushed down to the low single digits. As a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), Senegal is working toward greater regional integration with a unified external tariff. Senegal also realized full Internet connectivity in 1996, creating a miniboom in information technology-based services. Private activity now accounts for 82% of GDP. On the negative side, Senegal faces deep-seated urban problems of chronic unemployment, trade union militancy, juvenile delinquency, and drug addiction.
 * purchasing power parity - $17.09 billion (2003 est.)
 * 5.5% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $1,600 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 16.8%
 * 21.3% of GDP (2003)
 * 54% (2001 est.)
 * lowest 10%: 2.6%
 * 41.3 (1995)
 * 0% (2003 est.)
 * 4.62 million NA (2003)
 * agriculture 70%
 * 48% (urban youth 40%) (2001 est.)
 * revenues: $1.304 billion
 * 54.2% of GDP (2003)
 * peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish
 * agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials
 * 2.9% (2003 est.)
 * 1.518 billion kWh (2001)
 * 1.412 billion kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 31,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * 50 million cu m (2001 est.)
 * 50 million cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * $-389 million (2003)
 * $1.23 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * fish, groundnuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton
 * India 13%, France 12.2%, Mali 9.5%, Italy 8.5%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.4%, Spain 5% (2003)
 * $1.753 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * foods and beverages, capital goods, fuels
 * France 24.9%, Nigeria 12.2%, Thailand 6.7%, Spain 4.3% (2003)
 * $780 million (2003)
 * $3.009 billion (2003 est.)
 * $362.6 million (2002 est.)
 * Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
 * XOF
 * Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999)
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: above-average urban system; microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system international: country code - 221; 4 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 228,800 (2003)
 * 575,900 (2003)
 * general assessment: good system
 * AM 8, FM 20, shortwave 1 (2001)
 * 1.24 million (1997)
 * 1 (1997)
 * 361,000 (1997)
 * .sn
 * 672 (2003)
 * 1 (2002)
 * 225,000 (2003)
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!| Railways: narrow gauge: 906 km 1.000-meter gauge (2003) !| Highways: paved: 4,271 km including 7 km of expressways unpaved: 10,305 km (2000) !| Waterways: !| Pipelines: !| Ports and harbors: !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.) !| Airports - with unpaved runways: 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
 * total: 906 km
 * total: 14,576 km
 * 1,000 km (primarily on Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance rivers) (2003)
 * gas 564 km (2004)
 * Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor, Richard Toll, Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor
 * 20 (2003 est.)
 * total: 9
 * total: 11
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military manpower - reaching military age annually: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police (Surete Nationale)
 * 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2004)
 * males age 15-49: 2,490,290 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 1,301,761 (2004 est.)
 * males: 119,833 (2004 est.)
 * $95.8 million (2003)
 * 1.5% (2003)
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