CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Portugal


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!| Background:
 * Following its heyday as a world power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: land: 91,951 sq km note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands water: 440 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: Spain 1,214 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 7.81% other: 70.44% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification !| Geography - note:
 * Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain
 * 39 30 N, 8 00 W
 * Europe
 * total: 92,391 sq km
 * slightly smaller than Indiana
 * total: 1,214 km
 * 1,793 km
 * territorial sea: 12 nm
 * maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
 * mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south
 * lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
 * fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower
 * arable land: 21.75%
 * 6,320 sq km (1998 est.)
 * Azores subject to severe earthquakes
 * soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas
 * party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
 * Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 66.4% (male 3,454,970; female 3,535,108) 65 years and over: 16.9% (male 735,407; female 1,041,980) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 35.8 years female: 40 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 4.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 5.6 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 74.06 years female: 80.85 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Nationality: adjective: Portuguese !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 93.3% male: 95.5% female: 91.3% (2003 est.)
 * 10,524,145 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 16.7% (male 916,106; female 840,574)
 * total: 37.9 years
 * 0.41% (2004 est.)
 * 10.9 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 10.37 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 3.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
 * total: 5.13 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 77.35 years
 * 1.46 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * 0.5% (2001 est.)
 * 27,000 (2001 est.)
 * less than 1,000 (2003 est.)
 * noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)
 * homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal
 * Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant (1995)
 * Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally used)
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Portugal local long form: Republica Portuguesa local short form: Portugal !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president head of government: Prime Minister Pedro SANTANA LOPES (since 17 July 2004); note - Prime Minister Jose Manuel DURAO BARROSO resigned 5 July 2004 to take over the Presidency of the European Commission; Prime Minister Pedro SANTANA LOPES and his government resigned 11 December 2004, but will stay on in a caretaker capacity until February 2005 elections cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA January 2006); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president election results: Jorge SAMPAIO reelected president; percent of vote - Jorge SAMPAIO (Socialist) 55.8%, Joaquim FERREIRA Do Amaral (Social Democrat) 34.5%, Antonio ABREU (Communist) 5.1% !| Legislative branch: elections: last held 17 March 2002 (next to be held 20 February 2005); note - President SAMPAIO called for early elections after dissolving Parliament on 10 December 2004 because he lacked confidence in the four-month center-right government election results: percent of vote by party - PSD 40.1%, PS 37.8%, PP 8.7%, PCP/PEV 6.9%, The Left Bloc 2.7%; seats by party - PSD 105, PS 96, PP 14, PCP/PEV 12, The Left Bloc 3 !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s): Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island) consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco FAX: [1] (202) 462-3726 telephone: [1] (202) 328-8610 chancery: 2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon mailing address: Apartado 4258, 1507 Lisboa Codex; PSC 83, APO AE 09726 telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300 FAX: [351] (21) 726-9109 consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores) !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Portuguese Republic
 * parliamentary democracy
 * Lisbon
 * 18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu
 * 1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (independent republic proclaimed)
 * Portugal Day, 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes (1524-80) died
 * 25 April 1976; revised 30 October 1982, 1 June 1989, 5 November 1992, 3 September 1997, 12 December 2001, and 24 July 2004
 * civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
 * 18 years of age; universal
 * chief of state: President Jorge SAMPAIO (since 9 March 1996)
 * unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
 * Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)
 * Green Ecologist Party or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA]; Popular Party or PP [Paulo PORTAS]; Portuguese Communist Party or PCP [Jeronimo de SOUSA]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Jose SOCRATES Carvalho Pinto de Sousa]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pedro Miguel SANTANA LOPES]; The Left Bloc or BE [Franciso Anacleto LOUCA]
 * NA
 * AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMISET, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Pedro Manuel Dos Reis Alves CATARINO
 * chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Adrienne S. O'NEAL
 * two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 30.7% services: 63.2% (2003) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: 28.4% (1995 est.) !| Distribution of family income - Gini index: !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $69.09 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.) !| Public debt: !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Natural gas - production: !| Natural gas - consumption: !| Natural gas - exports: !| Natural gas - imports: !| Current account balance: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - donor: !| Currency: note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community in 1986. Over the past decade, successive governments have privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country qualified for the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU member economies. Economic growth has been above the EU average for much of the past decade, but fell back in 2001-03. GDP per capita stands at 70% of that of the leading EU economies. A poor educational system, in particular, has been an obstacle to greater productivity and growth. Portugal has been increasingly overshadowed by lower-cost producers in Central Europe and Asia as a target for foreign direct investment. The coalition government faces tough choices in its attempts to boost Portugal's economic competitiveness and to keep the budget deficit within the 3% EU ceiling.
 * purchasing power parity - $181.8 billion (2003 est.)
 * -1.3% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $18,000 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 5.8%
 * 22.3% of GDP (2003)
 * NA
 * lowest 10%: 3.1%
 * 35.6 (1994-95)
 * 3.3% (2003 est.)
 * 5.409 million (2003)
 * agriculture 10%, industry 30%, services 60% (1999 est.)
 * 6.4% (2003 est.)
 * revenues: $64.81 billion
 * 59.8% of GDP (2003)
 * grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, beef, dairy products
 * textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism
 * 0.4% (2003 est.)
 * 44.32 billion kWh (2001)
 * 41.48 billion kWh (2001)
 * 3.479 billion kWh (2001)
 * 3.743 billion kWh (2001)
 * 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 339,800 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 28,830 bbl/day (2001)
 * 357,300 bbl/day (2001)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 2.542 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 2.553 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * $-7.592 billion (2003)
 * $31.13 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper products, hides
 * Spain 22.7%, Germany 15.2%, France 12.9%, UK 10.5%, US 5.8%, Italy 4.8%, Belgium 4.6% (2003)
 * $43.73 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum, textiles, agricultural products
 * Spain 29.1%, Germany 14.7%, France 9.9%, Italy 6.4%, UK 4.9%, Netherlands 4.6% (2003)
 * $12.81 billion (2003)
 * $250.7 billion (2003 est.)
 * ODA, $271 million (1995)
 * euro (EUR)
 * EUR
 * euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations international: country code - 351; 6 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region) is planned !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands (1995) !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 4,278,800 (2003)
 * 9,341,400 (2003)
 * general assessment: Portugal's telephone system has achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities and a main line telephone density of 53%
 * AM 47, FM 172 (many are repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)
 * 3.02 million (1997)
 * 62 (plus 166 repeaters)
 * 3.31 million (1997)
 * .pt
 * 346,078 (2004)
 * 16 (2000)
 * 3.6 million (2002)
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!| Railways: broad gauge: 2,576 km 1.668-m gauge (623 km electrified) narrow gauge: 274 km 1.000-m gauge (2003) !| Highways: paved: 59,110 km (including 1441 km of expressways) unpaved: 9,622 km (2000) !| Waterways: !| Pipelines: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: registered in other countries: 24 (2004 est.) foreign-owned: Australia 1, Belgium 1, Cyprus 1, Denmark 7, Germany 21, Greece 2, Guadeloupe 1, Iceland 1, Italy 16, Japan 1, Malta 1, Norway 7, Panama 1, Spain 18, Switzerland 7, Ukraine 1, United Kingdom 1 by type: bulk 12, cargo 49, chemical tanker 19, container 8, liquefied gas 7, multi-functional large load carrier 1, passenger 6, petroleum tanker 7, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea/passenger 5, vehicle carrier 2 !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.) !| Airports - with unpaved runways: 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 22 (2004 est.)
 * total: 2,850 km
 * total: 68,732 km
 * 210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2003)
 * gas 1,099 km; oil 8 km; refined products 174 km (2004)
 * Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores), Setubal, Viana do Castelo
 * total: 122 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 872,557 GRT/1,236,025 DWT
 * 66 (2003 est.)
 * total: 42
 * total: 23
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military manpower - reaching military age annually: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Army, Navy (PON; including Marines), Air Force (FAP), Republican Guard (including Fiscal Guard)
 * 18 years of age for voluntary military service; compulsory military service was ended in September 2004 (September 2004)
 * males age 15-49: 2,628,892 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 2,107,502 (2004 est.)
 * males: 72,821 (2004 est.)
 * $3,497.8 million (2003)
 * 2.3% (2003)
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