CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Papua New Guinea


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!| Background:
 * The eastern half of the island of New Guinea - second largest in the world - was divided between Germany (north) and the UK (south) in 1885. The latter area was transferred to Australia in 1902, which occupied the northern portion during World War I and continued to administer the combined areas until independence in 1975. A nine-year secessionist revolt on the island of Bougainville ended in 1997 after claiming some 20,000 lives.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: land: 452,860 sq km water: 9,980 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: Indonesia 820 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Mount Wilhelm 4,509 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 1.44% other: 98.1% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements !| Geography - note:
 * Oceania, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia
 * 6 00 S, 147 00 E
 * Oceania
 * total: 462,840 sq km
 * slightly larger than California
 * total: 820 km
 * 5,152 km
 * measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
 * tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation
 * mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills
 * lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
 * gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries
 * arable land: 0.46%
 * NA sq km
 * active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis
 * rain forest subject to deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber; pollution from mining projects; severe drought
 * party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
 * shares island of New Guinea with Indonesia; one of world's largest swamps along southwest coast
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 58% (male 1,622,124; female 1,519,104) 65 years and over: 3.8% (male 96,638; female 108,982) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 21.1 years female: 20.8 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 48.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 57.39 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 62.41 years female: 66.81 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Major infectious diseases: overall degree of risk: very high (2004) !| Nationality: adjective: Papua New Guinean !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: note: 715 indigenous languages -- many unrelated !| Literacy: total population: 64.6% male: 71.1% female: 57.7% (2002)
 * 5,420,280 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 38.3% (male 1,053,940; female 1,019,492)
 * total: 21 years
 * 2.3% (2004 est.)
 * 30.52 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 7.5 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
 * total: 53.15 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 64.56 years
 * 4.04 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * 0.6% (2003 est.)
 * 16,000 (2003 est.)
 * 600 (2003 est.)
 * typhoid fever, dengue fever, malaria
 * noun: Papua New Guinean(s)
 * Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian
 * Roman Catholic 22%, Lutheran 16%, Presbyterian/Methodist/London Missionary Society 8%, Anglican 5%, Evangelical Alliance 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1%, other Protestant 10%, indigenous beliefs 34%
 * Melanesian Pidgin serves as the lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2%, Motu spoken in Papua region
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Papua New Guinea abbreviation: PNG former: Territory of Papua and New Guinea !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: head of government: Prime Minister Sir Michael SOMARE (since 2 August 2002); deputy prime minister (vacant) cabinet: National Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the National Executive Council; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually is appointed prime minister by the governor general !| Legislative branch: elections: last held 15-29 June 2002 and April and May 2003; completed in May 2003 (voting in the Southern Highlands was not completed during the June 2002 election period); next to be held not later than June 2007 election results: percent of vote by party - National Alliance 18%, URP 13%, PDM 12%, PPP 8%, Pangu 6%, PAP 5%, PLP 4%, others 34%; seats by party - National Alliance 19, UPR 14, PDM 13, PPP 8, Pangu 6, PAP 5, PLP 4, others 40; note - association with political parties is fluid (2003) !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX: [1] (202) 745-3679 telephone: [1] (202) 745-3680 chancery: 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 805, Washington, DC 20036 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: Douglas Street, Port Moresby mailing address: 4240 Port Moresby PI, US Department of State, Washington DC 20521-4240 telephone: [675] 321-1455 FAX: [675] 321-3423 !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Independent State of Papua New Guinea
 * constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy
 * Port Moresby
 * 20 provinces; Bougainville, Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Madang, Manus, Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital, New Ireland, Northern, Sandaun, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain
 * 16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship)
 * Independence Day, 16 September (1975)
 * 16 September 1975
 * based on English common law
 * 18 years of age; universal
 * chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by governor general Sir Paulius MATANE (since 29 June 2004)
 * unicameral National Parliament - sometimes referred to as the House of Assembly (109 seats, 89 elected from open electorates and 20 from provincial electorates; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
 * Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive Council after consultation with the minister responsible for justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission)
 * Christian Democratic Party [Dr.Banare BUN, party leader]; Melanesian Alliance Party or MAP [Sir Moi AVEL, party leader]; National Alliance Party or NA [Michael SOMARE, party leader; George MANOA, party president]; National Party [Melchior PEP, party leader]; Papua and Niugini Union Party or PANGU [Chris HAIVETA, party leader]; Papua New Guinea First Party [Cecilking DORUBA, party leader]; Papua New Guinea Labor Party [Bob DANAYA, party leader]; Papua New Guinea Party [Sir Mekere MORAUTA, party leader]; People's Action Party or PAP [Moses MALADINA, party leader]; People's Labor Party or PLP [Ekis ROPENU, party leader]; People's National Congress or PNC [Peter O'NEILL, party leader]; People's Progressive Party or PPP [Andrew BAING, party leader]; Pipol First Party [Luther WENGE, party leader]; Rural People's Party [Peter NAMUS, party leader]; United Party [Bire KIMASOPA, party leader]; United Resources Party or URP [Tim NEVILLE, party leader] (2004)
 * NA
 * ACP, APEC, ARF, AsDB, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Evan Jeremy PAKI
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Robert W. FITTS
 * divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is black with five, white, five-pointed stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 37.7% services: 28.3% (2003 est.) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: 40.5% (1996) !| Distribution of family income - Gini index: !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $996.8 million, including capital expenditures of $344 million (2003 est.) !| Public debt: !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Oil - proved reserves: !| Natural gas - production: !| Natural gas - consumption: !| Natural gas - exports: !| Natural gas - imports: !| Natural gas - proved reserves: !| Current account balance: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain and the high cost of developing infrastructure. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the population. Mineral deposits, including oil, copper, and gold, account for 72% of export earnings. The economy has faltered over the past four years. Former Prime Minister Mekere MORAUTA had tried to restore integrity to state institutions, to stabilize the kina, restore stability to the national budget, to privatize public enterprises where appropriate, and to ensure ongoing peace on Bougainville. The government has had considerable success in attracting international support, specifically gaining the backing of the IMF and the World Bank in securing development assistance loans. Challenges face Prime Minister Michael SOMARE, including curbing inflation, gaining further investor confidence, continuing efforts to privatize government assets, maintaining the support of members of Parliament, and balancing relations with Australia, the former colonial ruler.
 * purchasing power parity - $11.48 billion (2003 est.)
 * 1.4% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 34%
 * 13.9% of GDP (2003)
 * 37% (2002 est.)
 * lowest 10%: 1.7%
 * 50.9 (1996)
 * 14.7% (2003 est.)
 * 3.25 million (2003)
 * agriculture 85%, industry NA, services NA
 * NA
 * revenues: $954.1 million
 * 72.4% of GDP (2003)
 * coffee, cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, tea, rubber, sweet potatoes, fruit, vegetables, poultry, pork
 * copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production; mining of gold, silver, and copper; crude oil production; construction, tourism
 * NA (FY01/02 est.)
 * 1.496 billion kWh (2001)
 * 1.391 billion kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 67,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 15,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * 345.2 million bbl (1 January 2002)
 * 110 million cu m (2001 est.)
 * 110 million cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 385.5 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
 * $12 million (2003)
 * $1.938 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * oil, gold, copper ore, logs, palm oil, coffee, cocoa, crayfish, prawns
 * Australia 25.6%, Japan 7.4%, China 5.8% (2003)
 * $967 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals
 * Australia 44.6%, Singapore 20.6%, New Zealand 7.7%, China 5% (2003)
 * $510.5 million (2003)
 * $2.909 billion (2003 est.)
 * $400 million (1999 est.)
 * kina (PGK)
 * PGK
 * kina per US dollar - 3.5635 (2003), 3.8952 (2002), 3.3887 (2001), 2.7822 (2000), 2.5708 (1999)
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: mostly radiotelephone international: country code - 675; submarine cables to Australia and Guam; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); international radio communication service !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: note: additional stations at Mt. Hagen, Goroka, Lae, and Rabaul are planned (2004) !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 62,000 (2002)
 * 15,000 (2002)
 * general assessment: services are adequate; facilities provide radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio, and international radio communication services
 * AM 8, FM 19, shortwave 28 (1998)
 * 410,000 (1997)
 * 3 (all in the Port Moresby area)
 * 59,841 (1999)
 * .pg
 * 389 (2003)
 * 3 (2000)
 * 75,000 (2002)
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!| Highways: paved: 686 km unpaved: 18,914 km (1999 est.) !| Waterways: !| Pipelines: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: foreign-owned: Singapore 2, United Kingdom 6 registered in other countries: 1 (2004 est.) by type: bulk 1, cargo 12, chemical tanker 1, combination ore/oil 2, container 1, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 2 !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) 914 to 1,523 m: 4 !| Airports - with unpaved runways: 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 62 under 914 m: 478 (2004 est.) !| Heliports:
 * total: 19,600 km
 * 10,940 km (2003)
 * oil 264 km (2004)
 * Kieta, Lae, Madang, Port Moresby, Rabaul
 * total: 23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 47,586 GRT/60,934 DWT
 * 559 (2003 est.)
 * total: 21
 * total: 550
 * 2 (2003 est.)
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Papua New Guinea Defense Force: Ground Force, Maritime Operations Element, and Air Operations Element
 * 18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
 * males age 15-49: 1,403,467 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 775,064 (2004 est.)
 * $16.9 million (2003)
 * 1.4% (FY02)
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