CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Norway


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!| Background:
 * Two centuries of Viking raids into Europe tapered off following the adoption of Christianity by King Olav TRYGGVASON in 994. Conversion of the Norwegian kingdom occurred over the next several decades. In 1397, Norway was absorbed into a union with Denmark that was to last for more than four centuries. In 1814, Norwegians resisted the cession of their country to Sweden and adopted a new constitution. Sweden then invaded Norway but agreed to let Norway keep its constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Although Norway remained neutral in World War I, it suffered heavy losses to its shipping. Norway proclaimed its neutrality at the outset of World War II, but was nonetheless occupied for five-years by Nazi Germany (1940-45). In 1949, neutrality was abandoned and Norway became a member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes. The current focus is on containing spending on the extensive welfare system and planning for the time when petroleum reserves are depleted. In referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: land: 307,860 sq km water: 16,360 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: Finland 736 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 196 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 nm contiguous zone: 10 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Galdhopiggen 2,469 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 0% other: 97.13% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements !| Geography - note:
 * Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden
 * 62 00 N, 10 00 E
 * Europe
 * total: 324,220 sq km
 * slightly larger than New Mexico
 * total: 2,551 km
 * 21,925 km (includes mainland 3,419 km, large islands 2,413 km, long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 16,093 km)
 * territorial sea: 12 nm
 * temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast
 * glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north
 * lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m
 * petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropower
 * arable land: 2.87%
 * 1,270 sq km (1998 est.)
 * rockslides, avalanches
 * water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions
 * party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
 * about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of most rugged and longest coastlines in world
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 65.4% (male 1,520,481; female 1,473,101) 65 years and over: 14.8% (male 284,170; female 393,184) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 37 years female: 38.8 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 3.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 4.11 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 76.64 years female: 82.01 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Nationality: adjective: Norwegian !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities !| Literacy: total population: 100% male: NA female: NA
 * 4,574,560 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 19.8% (male 462,899; female 440,725)
 * total: 37.9 years
 * 0.41% (2004 est.)
 * 11.89 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 9.51 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 1.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
 * total: 3.73 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 79.25 years
 * 1.78 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * 0.1% (2001 est.)
 * 1,800 (2001 est.)
 * less than 100 (2003 est.)
 * noun: Norwegian(s)
 * Norwegian, Sami 20,000
 * Evangelical Lutheran 86% (state church), other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, other 1%, none and unknown 10% (1997)
 * Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official)
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Norway local short form: Norge local long form: Kongeriket Norge !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Dependent areas: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: head of government: Prime Minister Kjell Magne BONDEVIK (since 19 October 2001) cabinet: State Council appointed by the monarch with the approval of Parliament elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following parliamentary elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch with the approval of the Parliament !| Legislative branch: elections: last held 10 September 2001 (next to be held NA September 2005) note: for certain purposes, the Parliament divides itself into two chambers and elects one-fourth of its membership to an upper house or Lagting election results: percent of vote by party - Labor Party 24.3%, Conservative Party 21.2%, Progress Party 14.6%, Socialist Left Party 12.5%, Christian People's Party 12.4%, Center Party 5.6%, Liberal Party 3.9%, Coastal Party 1.7%, other 3.8%; seats by party - Labor Party 43, Conservative Party 38, Progress Party 26, Socialist Left Party 23, Christian People's Party 22, Center Party 10, Liberal Party 2, Coastal Party 1 !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery: 2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 consulate(s) general: Houston, Miami, Minneapolis, New York, and San Francisco FAX: [1] (202) 337-0870 telephone: [1] (202) 333-6000 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: Drammensveien 18, 0244 Oslo mailing address: PSC 69, Box 1000, APO AE 09707 telephone: [47] (22) 44 85 50 FAX: [47] (22) 44 33 63 !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway
 * constitutional monarchy
 * Oslo
 * 19 counties (fylker, singular - fylke); Akershus, Aust-Agder, Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Nord-Trondelag, Oppland, Oslo, Ostfold, Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Sor-Trondelag, Telemark, Troms, Vest-Agder, Vestfold
 * Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard
 * 7 June 1905 (Norway declared the union with Sweden dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union)
 * Constitution Day, 17 May (1814)
 * 17 May 1814, modified in 1884
 * mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
 * 18 years of age; universal
 * chief of state: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS, son of the monarch (born 20 July 1973)
 * modified unicameral Parliament or Storting (165 seats; members are elected by popular vote by proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
 * Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the monarch)
 * Center Party [Aslaug Marie HAGA]; Christian People's Party [Dagfinn HOYBRATEN]; Coastal Party [Steinar BASTESEN]; Conservative Party [Erna SOLBERG]; Labor Party [Jens STOLTENBERG]; Liberal Party [Lars SPONHEIM]; Progress Party [Carl I. HAGEN]; Socialist Left Party [Kristin HALVORSEN]
 * NA
 * AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, ESA, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Knut VOLLEBAEK
 * chief of mission: Ambassador John D. ONG
 * red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 36.2% services: 61.2% (2003) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: 21.8% (1995) !| Distribution of family income - Gini index: !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $105.5 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.) !| Public debt: !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Oil - proved reserves: !| Natural gas - production: !| Natural gas - consumption: !| Natural gas - exports: !| Natural gas - imports: !| Natural gas - proved reserves: !| Current account balance: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - donor: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * The Norwegian economy is a prosperous bastion of welfare capitalism, featuring a combination of free market activity and government intervention. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector (through large-scale state enterprises). The country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on its oil production and international oil prices, with oil and gas accounting for one-third of exports. Only Saudi Arabia and Russia export more oil than Norway. Norway opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994. The government has moved ahead with privatization. With arguably the highest quality of life worldwide, Norwegians still worry about that time in the next two decades when the oil and gas begin to run out. Accordingly, Norway has been saving its oil-boosted budget surpluses in a Government Petroleum Fund, which is invested abroad and now is valued at more than $43 billion. GDP growth was a lackluster 1% in 2002 and 0.5% in 2003 against the background of a faltering European economy.
 * purchasing power parity - $171.7 billion (2003 est.)
 * 0.6% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $37,800 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 2.5%
 * 17.8% of GDP (2003)
 * NA
 * lowest 10%: 4.1%
 * 25.8 (1995)
 * 2.5% (2003 est.)
 * 2.38 million (2003 est.)
 * agriculture, forestry, and fishing 4%, industry 22%, services 74% (1995)
 * 4.7% (2003 est.)
 * revenues: $129.8 billion
 * 22.1% of GDP (2003)
 * barley, wheat, potatoes; pork, beef, veal, milk; fish
 * petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing
 * -3.5% (2003 est.)
 * 120.1 billion kWh (2001)
 * 115.3 billion kWh (2001)
 * 7.162 billion kWh (2001)
 * 10.76 billion kWh (2001)
 * 3.408 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 171,100 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 3.466 million bbl/day (2001)
 * 88,870 bbl/day (2001)
 * 9.859 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
 * 54.6 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 4.1 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 50.5 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 1.716 trillion cu m (1 January 2002)
 * $29.34 billion (2003)
 * $67.27 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, fish
 * UK 21.3%, Germany 13%, Netherlands 9.6%, US 8.7%, France 8.2%, Sweden 7.4% (2003)
 * $40.19 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs
 * Sweden 16.1%, Germany 13.3%, Denmark 7.9%, UK 7.2%, US 5.2%, Netherlands 4.5%, China 4.4%, France 4.3%, Italy 4% (2003)
 * $0 (Norway is a net external creditor) (2003 est.)
 * ODA, $1.4 billion (1998)
 * Norwegian krone (NOK)
 * NOK
 * Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 7.0802 (2003), 7.9838 (2002), 8.9917 (2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999)
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: Norway has a domestic satellite system; moreover, the prevalence of rural areas encourages the wide use of cellular mobile systems instead of fixed-wire systems international: country code - 47; 2 buried coaxial cable systems; 4 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - NA Eutelsat, NA Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden) (1999) !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 3.343 million (2002)
 * 4,163,400 (2003)
 * general assessment: modern in all respects; one of the most advanced telecommunications networks in Europe
 * AM 5, FM at least 650, shortwave 1 (1998)
 * 4.03 million (1997)
 * 360 (plus 2,729 repeaters) (1995)
 * 2.03 million (1997)
 * .no
 * 593,850 (2004)
 * 13 (2000)
 * 2.288 million (2002)
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!| Railways: standard gauge: 4,077 km 1.435-m gauge (2,518 km electrified) (2003) !| Highways: paved: 69,505 km (including 143 km of expressways) unpaved: 21,949 km (2000) !| Pipelines: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: foreign-owned: Cyprus 3, Denmark 23, Estonia 2, Germany 12, Greece 15, Hong Kong 1, Iceland 2, Japan 10, Lithuania 1, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 1, Monaco 33, Poland 1, Saudi Arabia 3, Singapore 12, Sweden 31, United Kingdom 4, United States 5 registered in other countries: 695 (2004 est.) by type: bulk 62, cargo 128, chemical tanker 124, combination bulk 7, combination ore/oil 32, container 15, liquefied gas 84, multi-functional large load carrier 1, passenger 6, petroleum tanker 113, refrigerated cargo 5, roll on/roll off 48, short-sea/passenger 22, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 43 !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: 2,438 to 3,047 m: 13 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 under 914 m: 26 (2004 est.) 914 to 1,523 m: 14 !| Airports - with unpaved runways: 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 29 (2004 est.) !| Heliports:
 * total: 4,077 km
 * total: 91,454 km
 * condensate 411 km; gas 6,199 km; oil 2,213 km; oil/gas/water 746 km; unknown (oil/water) 38 km (2004)
 * Bergen, Drammen, Floro, Hammerfest, Harstad, Haugesund, Kristiansand, Larvik, Narvik, Oslo, Porsgrunn, Stavanger, Tromso, Trondheim
 * total: 693 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 18,820,495 GRT/27,449,456 DWT
 * 101 (2003 est.)
 * total: 65
 * total: 36
 * 1 (2003 est.)
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military manpower - reaching military age annually: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Norwegian Army, Royal Norwegian Navy (including Coast Artillery and Coast Guard), Royal Norwegian Air Force (Kongelige Norske Luftforsvaret, RNoAF), Home Guard
 * 18 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age in wartime; 17 years of age for male volunteers; 18 years of age for women; 16 years of age for volunteers to the Home Guard; conscript service obligation - 12 months (2004)
 * males age 15-49: 1,106,484 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 916,155 (2004 est.)
 * males: 27,252 (2004 est.)
 * $4,033.5 million (2003)
 * 1.9% (2003)
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