CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Nigeria


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!| Background:
 * Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The president faces the daunting task of rebuilding a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, the OBASANJO administration must defuse longstanding ethnic and religious tensions, if it is to build a sound foundation for economic growth and political stability. Despite some irregularities, the April 2003 elections marked the first civilian transfer of power in Nigeria's history.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: water: 13,000 sq km land: 910,768 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 2.96% other: 65.75% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements !| Geography - note:
 * Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon
 * 10 00 N, 8 00 E
 * Africa
 * total: 923,768 sq km
 * slightly more than twice the size of California
 * total: 4,047 km
 * 853 km
 * territorial sea: 12 nm
 * varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north
 * southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north
 * lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
 * natural gas, petroleum, tin, columbite, iron ore, coal, limestone, lead, zinc, arable land
 * arable land: 31.29%
 * 2,330 sq km (1998 est.)
 * periodic droughts; flooding
 * soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization
 * party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
 * the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea
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!| Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.) !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 53.7% (male 37,502,756; female 36,205,442) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 1,944,260; female 1,977,564) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 18.2 years female: 17.9 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 67.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 73.55 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 50.35 years female: 50.63 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Major infectious diseases: overall degree of risk: very high (2004) !| Nationality: adjective: Nigerian !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 68% male: 75.7% female: 60.6% (2003 est.)
 * 137,253,133
 * 0-14 years: 43.4% (male 29,985,427; female 29,637,684)
 * total: 18.1 years
 * 2.45% (2004 est.)
 * 38.24 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 13.99 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 0.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
 * total: 70.49 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 50.49 years
 * 5.32 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * 5.4% (2003 est.)
 * 3.6 million (2003 est.)
 * 310,000 (2003 est.)
 * typhoid fever, malaria, Lassa fever
 * noun: Nigerian(s)
 * Nigeria, which is Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%
 * Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
 * English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Nigeria !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: head of government: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Federal Executive Council elections: president is elected by popular vote for no more than two four-year terms; election last held 19 April 2003 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: Olusegun OBASANJO elected president; percent of vote - Olusegun OBASANJO (PDP) 61.9%, Muhammadu BUHARI (ANPP) 31.2%, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu OJUKWU (APGA) 3.3%, other 3.6% !| Legislative branch: elections: Senate - last held 12 April 2003 (next to be held NA 2007); House of Representatives - last held 12 April 2003 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PDP 53.6%, ANPP 27.9%, AD 9.7%; seats by party - PDP 73, ANPP 28, AD 6; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDP 54.5%, ANPP 27.4%, AD 9.3%, other 8.8%; seats by party - PDP 213, ANPP 95, AD 31, other 7; note - two constituencies are not reported !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general: Atlanta and New York FAX: [1] (202) 775-1385 telephone: [1] (202) 986-8400 chancery: 3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: 7 Mambilla Drive, Abuja mailing address: P. O. Box 554, Lagos telephone: [234] (9) 523-0916/0906/5857/2235/2205 FAX: [234] (9) 523-0353 !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria
 * republic transitioning from military to civilian rule
 * Abuja; note - on 12 December 1991 the capital was officially transferred from Lagos to Abuja; most federal government offices have now made the move to Abuja
 * 36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nassarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara
 * 1 October 1960 (from UK)
 * Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)
 * new constitution adopted May 1999
 * based on English common law, Islamic Shariah law (only in some northern states), and traditional law
 * 18 years of age; universal
 * chief of state: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
 * bicameral National Assembly consists of Senate (107 seats, members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (346 seats, members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
 * Supreme Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government on the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)
 * Alliance for Democracy or AD [Alhaji Adamu ABDULKADIR]; All Nigeria Peoples' Party or ANPP [Don ETIEBET]; All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Chekwas OKORIE]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Aliyu Habu FARI]; Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Audu OGBEH]; Peoples Redemption Party or PRP [Abdulkadir Balarabe MUSA]; Peoples Salvation Party or PSP [Lawal MAITURARE]; United Nigeria Peoples Party or UNPP [Saleh JAMBO]
 * Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC [Adams OSHIOMOLE]
 * ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UNOCI, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Jibril Muhammad AMINU
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Howard Franklin JETER
 * three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 43.8% services: 25.4% (2003 est.) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: 40.8% (1996-97) !| Distribution of family income - Gini index: !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $11.09 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.) !| Public debt: !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Oil - proved reserves: !| Natural gas - production: !| Natural gas - consumption: !| Natural gas - exports: !| Natural gas - imports: !| Natural gas - proved reserves: !| Current account balance: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * Oil-rich Nigeria, long hobbled by political instability, corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and poor macroeconomic management, is undertaking some reforms under the new civilian administration. Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and about 65% of budgetary revenues. The largely subsistence agricultural sector has failed to keep up with rapid population growth - Nigeria is Africa's most populous country - and the country, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food. Following the signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1 billion credit from the IMF, both contingent on economic reforms. Nigeria pulled out of its IMF program in April 2002, after failing to meet spending and exchange rate targets, making it ineligible for additional debt forgiveness from the Paris Club. The government has lacked the political will to implement the market-oriented reforms urged by the IMF, such as to modernize the banking system, to curb inflation by blocking excessive wage demands, and to resolve regional disputes over the distribution of earnings from the oil industry. During 2003, however, the government deregulated fuel prices and announced the privatization of the country's four oil refineries. GDP growth probably will rise marginally in 2004, led by oil and natural gas exports.
 * purchasing power parity - $114.8 billion (2003 est.)
 * 7.1% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $900 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 30.8%
 * 27.7% of GDP (2003)
 * 60% (2000 est.)
 * lowest 10%: 1.6%
 * 50.6 (1996-97)
 * 13.8% (2003 est.)
 * 54.36 million (2003 est.)
 * agriculture 70%, industry 10%, services 20% (1999 est.)
 * NA (2003 est.)
 * revenues: $8.026 billion
 * 28.6% of GDP (2003)
 * cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish
 * crude oil, coal, tin, columbite, palm oil, peanuts, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel
 * 2.3% (2003 est.)
 * 15.67 billion kWh (2001)
 * 14.55 billion kWh (2001)
 * 20 million kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 2.256 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 275,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * 27 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
 * 15.68 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 7.85 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 7.83 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 4.007 trillion cu m (1 January 2002)
 * $1.439 billion (2003)
 * $21.8 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber
 * US 38.3%, India 9.9%, Brazil 6.8%, Spain 6.2%, France 5.6%, Japan 4% (2003)
 * $14.54 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals
 * US 15.6%, UK 9.6%, Germany 7.3%, China 7.2%, Italy 4.3% (2003)
 * $7.128 billion (2003)
 * $31.07 billion (2003 est.)
 * IMF $250 million (1998)
 * naira (NGN)
 * NGN
 * nairas per US dollar - 129.222 (2003), 120.578 (2002), 111.231 (2001), 101.697 (2000), 92.3381 (1999)
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: intercity traffic is carried by coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, a domestic communications satellite system with 19 earth stations, and a coastal submarine cable; mobile cellular facilities and the Internet are available international: country code - 234; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 853,100 (2003)
 * 3,149,500 (2003)
 * general assessment: an inadequate system, further limited by poor maintenance; major expansion is required and a start has been made
 * AM 83, FM 36, shortwave 11 (2001)
 * 23.5 million (1997)
 * 3 (the government controls 2 of the broadcasting stations and 15 repeater stations) (2002)
 * 6.9 million (1997)
 * .ng
 * 1,142 (2004)
 * 11 (2000)
 * 750,000 (2003)
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!| Railways: narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge standard gauge: 52 km 1.435-m gauge (2003) !| Highways: paved: 60,068 km (including 1,194 km of expressways) unpaved: 134,326 km (1999 est.) !| Waterways: !| Pipelines: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: by type: cargo 7, chemical tanker 5, petroleum tanker 30, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1 registered in other countries: 26 (2004 est.) foreign-owned: Norway 2, Pakistan 1, Togo 1, United States 1 !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 !| Airports - with unpaved runways: 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 13 under 914 m: 18 (2004 est.) !| Heliports:
 * total: 3,557 km
 * total: 194,394 km
 * 8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks) (2004)
 * condensate 105 km; gas 1,896 km; oil 3,638 km; refined products 3,626 km (2004)
 * Calabar, Lagos, Onne, Port Harcourt, Sapele, Warri
 * total: 45 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 327,808 GRT/608,076 DWT
 * 70 (2003 est.)
 * total: 36
 * total: 34
 * 1 (2003 est.)
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military manpower - reaching military age annually: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Army, Navy, Air Force
 * 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
 * males age 15-49: 32,665,407 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 18,763,229 (2004 est.)
 * males: 1,452,231 (2004 est.)
 * $469.8 million (2003)
 * 0.9% (2003)
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