CIA World Fact Book, 2004/New Zealand


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!| Background:
 * The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. In that same year, the British began the first organized colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both World Wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: note: includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands water: NA sq km land: NA sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Aoraki-Mount Cook 3,754 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 6.99% other: 87.41% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation !| Geography - note:
 * Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia
 * 41 00 S, 174 00 E
 * Oceania
 * total: 268,680 sq km
 * about the size of Colorado
 * 0 km
 * 15,134 km
 * territorial sea: 12 nm
 * temperate with sharp regional contrasts
 * predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains
 * lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
 * natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone
 * arable land: 5.6%
 * 2,850 sq km (1998 est.)
 * earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity
 * deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside
 * party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
 * about 80% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 66.7% (male 1,337,383; female 1,325,683) 65 years and over: 11.6% (male 203,084; female 261,949) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 32.6 years female: 34.1 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 5.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 6.83 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 75.5 years female: 81.61 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Nationality: adjective: New Zealand !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 99% (1980 est.) male: NA female: NA
 * 3,993,817 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 21.7% (male 443,211; female 422,507)
 * total: 33.4 years
 * 1.05% (2004 est.)
 * 14.04 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 4.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
 * total: 5.96 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 78.49 years
 * 1.79 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * 0.1% (2003 est.)
 * 1,400 (2003 est.)
 * less than 200 (2003 est.)
 * noun: New Zealander(s)
 * New Zealand European 74.5%, Maori 9.7%, other European 4.6%, Pacific Islander 3.8%, Asian and others 7.4%
 * Anglican 24%, Presbyterian 18%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5%, Baptist 2%, other Protestant 3%, unspecified or none 33% (1986)
 * English (official), Maori (official)
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: New Zealand abbreviation: NZ !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Dependent areas: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: head of government: Prime Minister Helen CLARK (since 10 December 1999) and Deputy Prime Minister Michael CULLEN (since NA July 2002) cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general !| Legislative branch: elections: last held 27 July 2002 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NZLP 52, NP 27, NZFP 13, ACT New Zealand 9, Green Party 9, UF 8, other 2 !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York FAX: [1] (202) 667-5227 telephone: [1] (202) 328-4800 chancery: 37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: 29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington mailing address: P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, APO AP 96531-1034 telephone: [64] (4) 462-6000 FAX: [64] (4) 499-0490 consulate(s) general: Auckland !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: none
 * parliamentary democracy
 * Wellington
 * 13 regions; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Gisborne-Hawke's Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, Nelson-Marlborough, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Waikato, Wellington, West Coast
 * Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau
 * 26 September 1907 (from UK)
 * Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
 * consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments and The Constitution Act 1986 which is the principal formal charter
 * based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for the Maori; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
 * 18 years of age; universal
 * chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Silvia CARTWRIGHT (since 4 April 2001)
 * unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (120 seats; 69 members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies including 7 Maori constituencies, and 51 proportional seats chosen from party lists, all to serve three-year terms)
 * High Court; Court of Appeal
 * ACT New Zealand [Richard PREBBLE]; Green Party [Jeanette FITZSIMONS and Rod DONALD]; National Party or NP [Don BRASH]; New Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; Progressive Coalition [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; United Future or UF [Peter DUNNE]
 * NA
 * ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CP, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NSG, OECD, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMISET, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
 * chief of mission: Ambassador L. John WOOD
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Charles J. SWINDELLS
 * blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 27.4% services: 67.8% (2003 est.) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: 29.8% (1991 est.) !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $30.13 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003) !| Public debt: !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Oil - proved reserves: !| Natural gas - production: !| Natural gas - consumption: !| Natural gas - exports: !| Natural gas - imports: !| Natural gas - proved reserves: !| Current account balance: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - donor: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * Over the past 20 years the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes (but left behind many at the bottom of the ladder), broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, and contained inflationary pressures. Per capita income has been rising and is now 80% of the level of the four largest EU economies. New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade - particularly in agricultural products - to drive growth, and it has been affected by the global economic slowdown and the slump in commodity prices. Thus far the economy has been resilient, and growth should continue at the same level in 2004. Expenditures on health, education, and pensions will increase proportionately.
 * purchasing power parity - $85.34 billion (2003 est.)
 * 3.5% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $21,600 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 4.8%
 * 20.9% of GDP (2003)
 * NA
 * lowest 10%: 0.3%
 * 1.8% (2003 est.)
 * 2.008 million (2003 est.)
 * agriculture 10%, industry 25%, services 65% (1995)
 * 4.7% (2003 est.)
 * revenues: $32.14 billion
 * 25.6% of GDP (2003)
 * wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, dairy products; fish
 * food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining
 * 1.3% (2003 est.)
 * 37.51 billion kWh (2001)
 * 34.88 billion kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 42,160 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 132,700 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 30,220 bbl/day (2001)
 * 119,700 bbl/day (2001)
 * 89.62 million bbl (1 January 2002)
 * 6.504 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 6.504 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 58.94 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
 * $-3.446 billion (2003)
 * $15.86 billion (2003 est.)
 * dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery
 * Australia 21.8%, US 14.6%, Japan 11%, China 4.9%, UK 4.8% (2003)
 * $16.06 billion (2003 est.)
 * machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics
 * Australia 22.2%, US 11.8%, Japan 11.8%, China 9%, Germany 5.3% (2003)
 * $5.083 billion (2003)
 * $37.46 billion (2003 est.)
 * ODA, $99.7 million
 * New Zealand dollar (NZD)
 * NZD
 * New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001), 2.2012 (2000), 1.8896 (1999)
 * 1 July - 30 June
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: NA international: country code - 64; submarine cables to Australia and Fiji; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 1.765 million (2002)
 * 2.599 million (2003)
 * general assessment: excellent domestic and international systems
 * AM 124, FM 290, shortwave 4 (1998)
 * 3.75 million (1997)
 * 41 (plus 52 medium-power repeaters and over 650 low-power repeaters) (1997)
 * 1.926 million (1997)
 * .nz
 * 474,395 (2003)
 * 36 (2000)
 * 2.11 million (2003)
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!| Railways: narrow gauge: 3,898 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2003) !| Highways: paved: 57,809 km (including at least 190 km of expressways) unpaved: 34,244 km (2000) !| Pipelines: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: by type: bulk 3, cargo 2, container 1, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 2 registered in other countries: 8 (2004 est.) foreign-owned: Australia 1, Isle of Man 1 !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 27 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.) !| Airports - with unpaved runways: 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 29 under 914 m: 39 (2004 est.)
 * total: 3,898 km
 * total: 92,053 km
 * gas 2,213 km; liquid petroleum gas 79 km; oil 160 km; refined products 304 km (2004)
 * Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Wellington
 * total: 10 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 77,523 GRT/108,352 DWT
 * 113 (2003 est.)
 * total: 46
 * total: 70
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military manpower - reaching military age annually: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force
 * 17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18 (2001)
 * males age 15-49: 1,033,464 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 868,984 (2004 est.)
 * males: 27,157 (2004 est.)
 * $1.147 billion (FY03/04)
 * 1% (FY02)
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