CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Morocco


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!| Background:
 * Morocco's long struggle for independence from France ended in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier was turned over to the new country that same year. Morocco virtually annexed Western Sahara during the late 1970s, but final resolution on the status of the territory remains unresolved. Gradual political reforms in the 1990s resulted in the establishment of a bicameral legislature in 1997. Parliamentary elections were held for the second time in September 2002 and municipal elections were held in September 2003.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: land: 446,300 sq km water: 250 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km, Spain (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Spain (Melilla) 9.6 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Jbel Toubkal 4,165 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 2.17% other: 78.22% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea !| Geography - note:
 * Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western Sahara
 * 32 00 N, 5 00 W
 * Africa
 * total: 446,550 sq km
 * slightly larger than California
 * total: 2,017.9 km
 * 1,835 km
 * territorial sea: 12 nm
 * Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior
 * northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains
 * lowest point: Sebkha Tah -55 m
 * phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt
 * arable land: 19.61%
 * 12,910 sq km (1998 est.)
 * northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts
 * land degradation/desertification (soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing, destruction of vegetation); water supplies contaminated by raw sewage; siltation of reservoirs; oil pollution of coastal waters
 * party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
 * strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 62.5% (male 10,013,466; female 10,112,060) 65 years and over: 4.9% (male 692,465; female 878,960) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 22.8 years female: 23.8 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 39.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 47.09 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 68.06 years female: 72.74 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Nationality: adjective: Moroccan !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 51.7% male: 64.1% female: 39.4% (2003 est.)
 * 32,209,101 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 32.6% (male 5,355,388; female 5,156,762)
 * total: 23.3 years
 * 1.61% (2004 est.)
 * 22.79 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 5.71 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * -0.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
 * total: 43.25 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 70.35 years
 * 2.81 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * 0.1% (2001 est.)
 * 13,000 (2001 est.)
 * NA
 * noun: Moroccan(s)
 * Arab-Berber 99.1%, other 0.7%, Jewish 0.2%
 * Muslim 98.7%, Christian 1.1%, Jewish 0.2%
 * Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the language of business, government, and diplomacy
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Morocco local long form: Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah local short form: Al Maghrib !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch following legislative elections head of government: Prime Minister Driss JETTOU (since 9 October 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch !| Legislative branch: elections: Chamber of Counselors - last held 6 October 2003 (next to be held NA 2006); Chamber of Representatives - last held 27 September 2002 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: Chamber of Counselors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RNI 42, MDS 33, UC 28, MP 27, PND 21, PI 21, USFP 16, MNP 15, PA 13, FFD 12, other 42; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - USFP 50, PI 48, PJD 42, RNI 41, MP 27, MNP 18, UC 16, PND 12, PPS 11, UD 10, other 50 !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery: 1601 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 FAX: [1] (202) 265-0161 telephone: [1] (202) 462-7979 through 7982 consulate(s) general: New York !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: 2 Avenue de Mohamed El Fassi, Rabat mailing address: PSC 74, Box 021, APO AE 09718 telephone: [212] (37) 76 22 65 FAX: [212] (37) 76 56 61 consulate(s) general: Casablanca !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Kingdom of Morocco
 * constitutional monarchy
 * Rabat
 * 16 regions: Casablanca, Chaouia-Ourdigha, Doukkala-Abda, Fes-Boulmane, Gharb-Chrarda-Beni Hssen, Guelmim-Es Smara, Laayoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra, Marrakech-Tensift-El Haouz, Meknes-Tafilalet, Oriental, Oued Eddahab-Lagouira, Rabat-Sale-Zemmour-Zaer, Souss-Massa-Draa, Tadla-Azilal, Tangier-Tetouan, Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate
 * 2 March 1956 (from France)
 * Throne Day (accession of King MOHAMED VI to the throne), 30 July (1999)
 * 10 March 1972, revised 4 September 1992, amended (to create bicameral legislature) September 1996
 * based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court
 * 18 years of age; universal (as of January 2003)
 * chief of state: King MOHAMED VI (since 30 July 1999)
 * bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or Chamber of Counselors (270 seats; members elected indirectly by local councils, professional organizations, and labor syndicates for nine-year terms; one-third of the members are renewed every three years) and a lower house or Chamber of Representatives (325 seats; 295 by multi-seat constituencies and 30 from national lists of women; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)
 * Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the monarch)
 * Action Party or PA [Muhammad EL IDRISSI]; Alliance of Liberties or ADL [Ali BELHAJ]; Annahj Addimocrati or Annahj [Abdellah EL HARIF]; Avant Garde Social Democratic Party or PADS [Ahmed BENJELLOUN]; Citizen Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI]; Citizen's Initiatives for Development [Mohamed BENHAMOU]; Constitutional Union or UC [Mohamed ABIED (interim)]; Democratic and Independence Party or PDI [Abdelwahed MAACH]; Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD [Aissa OUARDIGHI]; Democratic Union or UD [Bouazza IKKEN]; Environment and Development Party or PED [Ahmed EL ALAMI]; Front of Democratic Forces or FFD [Thami EL KHYARI]; Istiqlal Party (Independence Party) or PI [Abbas El FASSI]; Justice and Development Party or PJD [Saad Eddine OTHMANI]; Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Mohamed ZIANE]; National Democratic Party or PND [Abdallah KADIRI]; National Ittihadi Congress Party or CNI [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]; National Popular Movement or MNP [Mahjoubi AHERDANE]; National Rally of Independents or RNI [Ahmed OSMAN]; National Union of Popular Forces or UNFP [Abdellah IBRAHIM]; Parti Al Ahd or Al Ahd [Najib EL OUAZZANI, chairman]; Party of Progress and Socialism or PPS [Ismail ALAOUI]; Party of Renewal and Equity or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR]; Party of the Unified Socialist Left or GSU [Mohamed Ben Said AIT IDDER]; Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Reform and Development Party or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN]; Social Center Party or PSC [Lahcen MADIH]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Mohammed El-YAZGHI]
 * Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir AMAOUI]; General Union of Moroccan Workers or UGTM [Abderrazzak AFILAL]; Moroccan Employers Association or CGEM [Hassan CHAMI]; National Labor Union of Morocco or UNMT [Abdelslam MAATI]; Union of Moroccan Workers or UMT [Mahjoub BENSEDDIK]
 * ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Aziz MEKOUAR
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas T. RILEY
 * red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Sulayman's (Solomon's) seal in the center of the flag; red and green are traditional colors in Arab flags, although the use of red is more commonly associated with the Arab states of the Persian gulf; design dates to 1912
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 35.5% services: 41.5% (2003 est.) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: 30.9% (1998-99) !| Distribution of family income - Gini index: !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $14 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.1 billion (2004 est.) !| Public debt: !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Oil - proved reserves: !| Natural gas - production: !| Natural gas - consumption: !| Natural gas - exports: !| Natural gas - imports: !| Natural gas - proved reserves: !| Current account balance: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * Morocco faces the problems typical of developing countries - restraining government spending, reducing constraints on private activity and foreign trade, and achieving sustainable economic growth. Despite structural adjustment programs supported by the IMF, the World Bank, and the Paris Club, the dirham is only fully convertible for current account transactions. Reforms of the financial sector are being contemplated. Droughts depressed activity in the key agricultural sector and contributed to a stagnant economy in 2002. Morocco reported large foreign exchange inflows from the sale of a mobile telephone license, and partial privatization of the state-owned telecommunications company and the state tobacco company. Favorable rainfall in 2003 led to a growth of 6%. Formidable long-term challenges include: preparing the economy for freer trade with the EU and US, improving education, and attracting foreign investment to boost living standards and job prospects for Morocco's youth.
 * purchasing power parity - $128.3 billion (2003 est.)
 * 6% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $4,000 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 22.9%
 * 21.7% of GDP (2003)
 * 19% (1999 est.)
 * lowest 10%: 2.6%
 * 39.5 (1998-99)
 * 1.2% (2003 est.)
 * 10.84 million (2003)
 * agriculture 40%, industry 15%, services 45% (2003 est.)
 * 19% (2003 est.)
 * revenues: $13.8 billion
 * 76.2% of GDP (2003)
 * barley, wheat, citrus, wine, vegetables, olives; livestock
 * phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, tourism
 * NA
 * 13.35 billion kWh (2001)
 * 14.61 billion kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 2.2 billion kWh (2001)
 * 400 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 167,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * 900,000 bbl (1 January 2002)
 * 50 million cu m (2001 est.)
 * 50 million cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 665.4 million cu m (1 January 2002)
 * $963 million (2003)
 * $8.466 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * clothing, fish, inorganic chemicals, transistors, crude minerals, fertilizers (including phosphates), petroleum products, fruits, vegetables
 * France 26.5%, Spain 16.7%, UK 7.2%, Germany 5.2%, Italy 5%, US 4% (2003)
 * $12.75 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * crude petroleum, textile fabric, telecommunications equipment, wheat, gas and electricity, transistors, plastics
 * France 20.6%, Spain 12.4%, Italy 7.1%, Germany 5.2%, Saudi Arabia 5%, Russia 4.9%, US 4.1% (2003)
 * $14.08 billion (2003)
 * $17.32 billion (2003 est.)
 * $565.6 million (1995)
 * Moroccan dirham (MAD)
 * MAD
 * Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 9.5744 (2003), 11.0206 (2002), 11.303 (2001), 10.6256 (2000), 9.8044 (1999)
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: good system composed of open-wire lines, cables, and microwave radio relay links; Internet available but expensive; principal switching centers are Casablanca and Rabat; national network nearly 100% digital using fiber-optic links; improved rural service employs microwave radio relay international: country code - 212; 7 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria; participant in Medarabtel; fiber-optic cable link from Agadir to Algeria and Tunisia (1998) !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 1,219,200 (2003)
 * 7,332,800 (2003)
 * general assessment: modern system with all important capabilities; however, density is low with only 4.6 main lines available for each 100 persons
 * AM 27, FM 25, shortwave 6 (1998)
 * 6.64 million (1997)
 * 35 (plus 66 repeaters) (1995)
 * 3.1 million (1997)
 * .ma
 * 3,627 (2004)
 * 8 (2000)
 * 800,000 (2003)
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!| Railways: standard gauge: 1,907 km 1.435-m gauge (1,003 km electrified) (2003) !| Highways: paved: 32,547 km (including 481 km of expressways) unpaved: 25,160 km (2000) !| Pipelines: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: by type: cargo 8, chemical tanker 7, container 7, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 5, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea/passenger 2 foreign-owned: France 1, Germany 2, Greece 1, Hong Kong 1, Netherlands 2, Norway 2, United Kingdom 1 (2004 est.) !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 !| Airports - with unpaved runways: 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.) 914 to 1,523 m: 15 !| Heliports:
 * total: 1,907 km
 * total: 57,707 km
 * gas 695 km; oil 285 km (2004)
 * Agadir, El Jadida, Casablanca, El Jorf Lasfar, Kenitra, Mohammedia, Nador, Rabat, Safi, Tangier; also Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla
 * total: 35 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 236,131 GRT/252,367 DWT
 * 64 (2003 est.)
 * total: 25
 * total: 38
 * 1 (2003 est.)
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military manpower - reaching military age annually: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Royal Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force
 * 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (2004)
 * males age 15-49: 8,788,971 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 5,529,267 (2004 est.)
 * males: 352,711 (2004 est.)
 * $2,297.2 million (2003)
 * 4.8% (2003)
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