CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Monaco


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!| Background:
 * Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: water: 0 sq km land: 1.95 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: France 4.4 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Mont Agel 140 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol !| Geography - note:
 * Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
 * 43 44 N, 7 24 E
 * Europe
 * total: 1.95 sq km
 * about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
 * total: 4.4 km
 * 4.1 km
 * territorial sea: 12 nm
 * Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
 * hilly, rugged, rocky
 * lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
 * none
 * arable land: 0%
 * NA sq km
 * NA
 * NA
 * party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
 * second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,860; female 10,165) 65 years and over: 22.4% (male 2,959; female 4,279) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 43.1 years female: 47.1 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 4.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 6.4 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 75.53 years female: 83.5 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Nationality: adjective: Monegasque or Monacan !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 99% male: NA female: NA
 * 32,270 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,554; female 2,453)
 * total: 45.1 years
 * 0.44% (2004 est.)
 * 9.36 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 12.74 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 7.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
 * total: 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 79.42 years
 * 1.76 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * NA
 * NA
 * NA
 * noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
 * French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
 * Roman Catholic 90%
 * French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
 * definition: NA
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Monaco local short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERCQ (since 5 January 2000) !| Legislative branch: election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3 elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held NA February 2008) !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general: New York !| Diplomatic representation from the US: !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
 * constitutional monarchy
 * Monaco
 * none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
 * 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)
 * National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November
 * 17 December 1962
 * based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
 * 21 years of age; universal
 * chief of state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958)
 * unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)
 * Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
 * National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]
 * NA
 * ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
 * Monaco does not have an embassy in the US
 * the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco
 * two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: NA services: NA (2001 est.) !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: NA !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1995) !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - imports: note: electricity supplied by France !| Exports: !| Imports: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough.
 * purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.)
 * NA (2000 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.)
 * agriculture: NA
 * NA
 * lowest 10%: NA
 * NA (2000)
 * 30,540 (January 1994)
 * 3.1% (1998)
 * revenues: $518 million
 * none
 * tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
 * NA
 * NA kWh
 * NA kWh
 * $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
 * $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
 * NA (2000 est.)
 * NA
 * euro (EUR)
 * EUR
 * euros per US dollar - 0.8860 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: NA international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 33,700 (2002)
 * 19,300 (2002)
 * general assessment: modern automatic telephone system
 * AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)
 * 34,000 (1997)
 * 5 (1998)
 * 25,000 (1997)
 * .mc
 * 533 (2004)
 * 2 (2000)
 * 16,000 (2002)
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!| Highways: paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.) !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: !| Airports: !| Heliports:
 * total: 50 km
 * Monaco
 * none
 * none; linked to the airport at Nice, France by helicopter service (2003) (2003 est.)
 * 1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) (2003 est.)
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!| Military - note:
 * defense is the responsibility of France
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