CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Macau


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!| Background:
 * Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: water: 0 sq km land: 25.4 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: regional border: China 0.34 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Geography - note:
 * Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
 * 22 10 N, 113 33 E
 * Southeast Asia
 * total: 25.4 sq km
 * about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
 * total: 0.34 km
 * 41 km
 * not specified
 * subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
 * generally flat
 * lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
 * NEGL
 * arable land: 0%
 * NA sq km
 * typhoons
 * NA
 * essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 74.2% (male 157,629; female 172,810) 65 years and over: 7.8% (male 14,380; female 20,412) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 34.9 years female: 35.4 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 4.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 79.2 years female: 84.99 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Nationality: adjective: Chinese !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 94.5% male: 97.2% female: 92% (2003 est.)
 * 445,286 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 18% (male 41,460; female 38,595)
 * total: 35.2 years
 * 0.87% (2004 est.)
 * 8.04 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 4.23 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 4.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
 * total: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 82.03 years
 * 0.93 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * NA
 * NA
 * NA
 * noun: Chinese
 * Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other
 * Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
 * Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Macau local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese) local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) !| Dependency status: !| Government type: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected on 29 August 2004; received 296 votes in Election Committee out of 300 possible; 3 members submitted blank ballots; 1 member was absent cabinet: Executive Council consists of all one government secretary, four legislators, four businessmen, and one pro-Beijing unionist head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) !| Legislative branch: elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be September 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1 !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: !| Diplomatic representation from the US: !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region
 * special administrative region of China
 * limited democracy
 * none (special administrative region of China)
 * none (special administrative region of China)
 * National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
 * Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
 * based on Portuguese civil law system
 * direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
 * chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003)
 * unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and sevem appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms); number of legislators will increase to 29 from September 2005
 * The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region
 * Some civic associations operate as de facto political parties: Electoral Union; Pro-Macao and Flower of Friendship and Development of Macao; Associacao para a Defesa dos Interesses de Macao; Centro Democratico de Macao; Grupo Independente de Macao; Macau Economic Promotion Association; Progress Promotion Union; Development Union
 * Catholic Church [LAI Hung-sing, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader]
 * IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (sub-bureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTO
 * none (special administrative region of China)
 * the US has no offices in Macau; US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
 * light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 12% services: 87% (2002 est.) !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: NA !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $1.68 billion, including capital expenditures of $194 million (2002) !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * Macau's well-to-do economy has remained one of the most open in the world since its reversion to China in 1999. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for roughly 41% of GDP with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1998 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew 9.5% in 2002. A rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors because of China's easing of restrictions on travel drove the recovery. The budget also returned to surplus in 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 70% of government revenue. The liberalization of Macao's gambling monopoly contributes to GDP growth, as the three companies awarded gambling licenses have pledged to invest $2.2 billion in the territory. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland as the Multi-Fiber Agreement is phased out. The territory may have to rely more on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. The government estimated GDP growth at 4% in 2003 with the drop in large measure due to concerns over the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), but private sector analysts think the figure may have been higher because of the continuing boom in tourism.
 * purchasing power parity - $9.1 billion (2003 est.)
 * 4% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $19,400 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 1%
 * NA
 * lowest 10%: NA
 * -2.6% (2003 est.)
 * 214,000 (2002)
 * manufacturing 20%, construction 7%, transport and communications 6%, wholesale and retail trade 15%, restaurants and hotels 12%, gambling 7%, public sector 8%, other services and agriculture 25% (2002 est.)
 * 6.3% (2003)
 * revenues: $1.9 billion
 * vegetables, livestock
 * tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
 * NA
 * 1.611 billion kWh (2002)
 * 1.688 billion kWh (2002)
 * 1 million kWh (2001)
 * 193 million kWh (2002)
 * 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 11,190 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * $2.356 billion f.o.b. (2002)
 * clothing, textiles, footwear, cement, machines, and parts
 * US 49.4%, China 14.1%, Germany 8.1%, Hong Kong 6.7%, UK 4.5% (2003)
 * $2.53 billion c.i.f. (2002)
 * clothing, textiles, yarn, foodstuffs, fuel, automobiles, capital goods
 * China 43%, Hong Kong 12.7%, Japan 8.7%, Taiwan 5.6% (2003)
 * $121 million (2001 est.)
 * NA (1997)
 * pataca (MOP)
 * MOP
 * patacas per US dollar - 8.0212 (2003), 8.0334 (2002), 8.0335 (2001), 8.0259 (2000), 7.9919 (1999)
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: NA international: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 174,600 (2003)
 * 364,000 (2003)
 * general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services
 * AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
 * 160,000 (1997)
 * 1 (2003)
 * 49,000 (1997)
 * .mo
 * 89 (2003)
 * 1 (2000)
 * 120,000 (2003)
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!| Highways: paved: 271 km unpaved: 0 km (2000) !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
 * total: 271 km
 * Macau
 * none
 * 1 (2003 est.)
 * total: 1
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service:
 * responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there are local police forces
 * males age 15-49: 125,060 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 68,913 (2004 est.)
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