CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Luxembourg


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!| Background:
 * Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839, but gained a larger measure of autonomy. Full independence was attained in 1867. Overrun by Germany in both World Wars, it ended its neutrality in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and when it joined NATO the following year. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union), and in 1999 it joined the euro currency area.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: water: 0 sq km land: 2,586 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Buurgplaatz 559 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 0.4% other: 76.32% (includes Belgium) (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification !| Geography - note:
 * Western Europe, between France and Germany
 * 49 45 N, 6 10 E
 * Europe
 * total: 2,586 sq km
 * slightly smaller than Rhode Island
 * total: 359 km
 * 0 km (landlocked)
 * none (landlocked)
 * modified continental with mild winters, cool summers
 * mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast
 * lowest point: Moselle River 133 m
 * iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land
 * arable land: 23.28%
 * 40 sq km (includes Belgium) (1998 est.)
 * NA
 * air and water pollution in urban areas, soil pollution of farmland
 * party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
 * landlocked; the only Grand Duchy in the world
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 66.4% (male 155,519; female 151,891) 65 years and over: 14.5% (male 26,981; female 40,239) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 37.4 years female: 39.3 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 4.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 4.84 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 75.31 years female: 82.07 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Nationality: adjective: Luxembourg !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (2000 est.)
 * 462,690 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 19% (male 45,422; female 42,638)
 * total: 38.3 years
 * 1.28% (2004 est.)
 * 12.21 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 8.42 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 8.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
 * total: 4.88 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 78.58 years
 * 1.79 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * 0.2% (2001 est.)
 * less than 500 (2003 est.)
 * less than 100 (2003 est.)
 * noun: Luxembourger(s)
 * Celtic base (with French and German blend), Portuguese, Italian, Slavs (from Montenegro, Albania, and Kosovo) and European (guest and resident workers)
 * 87% Roman Catholic, 13% Protestants, Jews, and Muslims (2000)
 * Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language)
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Luxembourg local short form: Luxembourg local long form: Grand Duche de Luxembourg !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: head of government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude JUNCKER (since 1 January 1995) and Vice Prime Minister Jean ASSELBORN (since 31 July 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following popular elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; the deputy prime minister is appointed by the monarch; they are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies note: government coalition - CSV and LSAP !| Legislative branch: elections: last held 13 June 2004 (next to be held by June 2009) note: there is also a Council of State that serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies; the Council of State has 21 members appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister election results: percent of vote by party - CSV 36.1%, LSAP 23.4%, DP 16.1%, Green Party 11.6%, ADR 10%; seats by party - CSV 24, LSAP 14, DP 10, Green Party 7, ADR 5 !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery: 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 consulate(s) general: New York and San Francisco FAX: [1] (202) 328-8270 telephone: [1] (202) 265-4171 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: 22 Boulevard Emmanuel Servais, L-2535 Luxembourg City mailing address: American Embassy Luxembourg, Unit 1410, APO AE 09126-1410 (official mail); American Embassy Luxembourg, PSC 9, Box 9500, APO AE 09123 (personal mail) telephone: [352] 46 01 23 FAX: [352] 46 14 01 !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
 * constitutional monarchy
 * Luxembourg
 * 3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg
 * 1839 (from the Netherlands)
 * National Day (Birthday of Grand Duchess Charlotte) 23 June
 * 17 October 1868, occasional revisions
 * based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
 * 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
 * chief of state: Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME (son of the monarch, born 11 November 1981)
 * unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
 * judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace, 2 district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all courts are appointed for life by the monarch
 * Action Committee for Democracy and Justice or ADR [Gast GIBERYOEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV (known also as Christian Social Party or PCS) [Francois BILTGEN]; Democratic Party or DP [Claude MEISCH]; Green Party [Francois BAUSCH]; Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; Marxist and Reformed Communist Party DEI LENK (the Left) [no formal leadership]; other minor parties
 * ABBL (bankers' association); ALEBA (financial sector trade union); Centrale Paysanne (federation of agricultural producers); CEP (professional sector chamber); CGFP (trade union representing civil service); Chambre de Commerce (Chamber of Commerce); Chambre des Metiers (Chamber of Artisans); FEDIL (federation of industrialists); LCGP (center-right trade union); OGBL (center-left trade union)
 * ACCT, AsDB, Australia Group, Benelux, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Arlette CONZEMIUS-PACCOURD
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Peter TERPELUK, Jr.
 * three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 16.6% services: 82.9% (2002 est.) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: NA !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $12.06 billion, including capital expenditures of $760 million (2003 est.) !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Natural gas - production: !| Natural gas - consumption: !| Natural gas - exports: !| Natural gas - imports: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - donor: !| Currency: note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * This stable, high-income economy features solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. The industrial sector, initially dominated by steel, has become increasingly diversified to include chemicals, rubber, and other products. Growth in the financial sector, which now accounts for about 22% of GDP, has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Most banks are foreign-owned and have extensive foreign dealings. Agriculture is based on small family-owned farms. The economy depends on foreign and trans-border workers for more than 30% of its labor force. Although Luxembourg, like all EU members, has suffered from the global economic slump, the country has maintained a fairly strong growth rate and enjoys an extraordinarily high standard of living.
 * purchasing power parity - $25.01 billion (2003 est.)
 * 1.2% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $55,100 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 0.5%
 * 20.7% of GDP (2003)
 * NA
 * lowest 10%: NA
 * 2% (2003 est.)
 * 200,000 (of whom 87,400 are foreign cross-border workers primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany) (2003)
 * agriculture 1.9%, industry 8%, services 90.1% (1999 est.)
 * 3.6% (2003 est.)
 * revenues: $11.82 billion
 * barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits, wine grapes; livestock products
 * banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum
 * 1.7% (2003 est.)
 * 457 million kWh (2001)
 * 6.07 billion kWh (2001)
 * 744 million kWh (2001)
 * 6.389 billion kWh (2001)
 * 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 50,650 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 634 bbl/day (2001)
 * 50,700 bbl/day (2001)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 865 million cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 867 million cu m (2001 est.)
 * $8.571 billion f.o.b. (2002)
 * machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass
 * Germany 23.3%, France 19%, Belgium 10.4%, UK 9.1%, Italy 6.8%, Spain 4.6%, Netherlands 4.3% (2003)
 * $11.61 billion c.i.f. (2002)
 * minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods
 * Belgium 29%, Germany 22.9%, France 11.4%, China 10.9%, Netherlands 4.8% (2003)
 * NA
 * ODA, $147 million (2002)
 * euro (EUR)
 * EUR
 * euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: nationwide cellular telephone system; buried cable international: country code - 352; 3 channels leased on TAT-6 coaxial submarine cable (Europe to North America) !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 355,400 (2002)
 * 473,000 (2002)
 * general assessment: highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables
 * AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1999)
 * 285,000 (1997)
 * 5 (1999)
 * 285,000 (1998 est.)
 * .lu
 * 28,214 (2003)
 * 8 (2000)
 * 165,000 (2002)
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!| Railways: standard gauge: 274 km 1.435-m gauge (242 km electrified) (2003) !| Highways: paved: 5,189 km (including 114 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2000) !| Waterways: !| Pipelines: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: by type: chemical tanker 11, container 8, liquefied gas 4, passenger 4, petroleum tanker 6, roll on/roll off 7 foreign-owned: Belgium 7, Denmark 1, Finland 3, France 3, Germany 10, Monaco 1, Netherlands 5, Switzerland 1, United Kingdom 7, United States 3 registered in other countries: 1 (2004 est.) !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.) !| Airports - with unpaved runways: under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) !| Heliports:
 * total: 274 km
 * total: 5,189 km
 * 37 km (on Moselle River) (2003)
 * gas 155 km (2004)
 * Mertert
 * total: 40 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 652,454 GRT/805,101 DWT
 * 2 (2003 est.)
 * total: 1
 * total: 1
 * 1 (2003 est.)
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military manpower - reaching military age annually: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Army
 * 17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers under 18 are not deployed into combat or with peacekeeping missions (2001)
 * males age 15-49: 115,721 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 95,107 (2004 est.)
 * males: 2,601 (2004 est.)
 * $231.6 million (2003)
 * 0.9% (2003)
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