CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Jordan


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!| Background:
 * For most of its history since independence from British administration in 1946, Jordan was ruled by King HUSSEIN (1953-99). A pragmatic ruler, he successfully navigated competing pressures from the major powers (US, USSR, and UK), various Arab states, Israel, and a large internal Palestinian population, despite several wars and coup attempts. In 1989 he reinstituted parliamentary elections and gradual political liberalization; in 1994 he signed a formal peace treaty with Israel. King ABDALLAH II - the eldest son of King HUSSEIN and Princess MUNA - assumed the throne following his father's death in February 1999. Since then, he has consolidated his power and undertaken an aggressive economic reform program. Jordan acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2000, and began to participate in the European Free Trade Association in 2001. After a two-year delay, parliamentary and municipal elections took place in the summer of 2003. The Prime Minister and government appointed in October 2004 declared their commitment to accelerated economic and political reforms and the new cabinet includes an unprecedented four women as ministers.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: water: 329 sq km land: 91,971 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: Iraq 181 km, Israel 238 km, Saudi Arabia 744 km, Syria 375 km, West Bank 97 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Jabal Ram 1,734 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 1.83% other: 95.5% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements !| Geography - note:
 * Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia
 * 31 00 N, 36 00 E
 * Middle East
 * total: 92,300 sq km
 * slightly smaller than Indiana
 * total: 1,635 km
 * 26 km
 * territorial sea: 3 nm
 * mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)
 * mostly desert plateau in east, highland area in west; Great Rift Valley separates East and West Banks of the Jordan River
 * lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m
 * phosphates, potash, shale oil
 * arable land: 2.67%
 * 750 sq km (1998 est.)
 * droughts; periodic earthquakes
 * limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
 * party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
 * strategic location at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba and as the Arab country that shares the longest border with Israel and the occupied West Bank
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 61.1% (male 1,829,984; female 1,598,141) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 100,896; female 104,932) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 22.8 years female: 21.5 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.15 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 14.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 21.63 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 75.59 years female: 80.69 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Nationality: adjective: Jordanian !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 91.3% male: 95.9% female: 86.3% (2003 est.)
 * 5,611,202 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 35.2% (male 1,009,604; female 967,645)
 * total: 22.2 years
 * 2.67% (2004 est.)
 * 22.73 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 2.62 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 6.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
 * total: 18.11 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 78.06 years
 * 2.86 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
 * 600 (2003 est.)
 * less than 500 (2003 est.)
 * noun: Jordanian(s)
 * Arab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1%
 * Sunni Muslim 92%, Christian 6% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), other 2% (several small Shi'a Muslim and Druze populations) (2001 est.)
 * Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper and middle classes
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Jordan local short form: Al Urdun local long form: Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah former: Transjordan !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: head of government: Prime Minister Faisal al-FAYEZ (since 25 October 2003) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch !| Legislative branch: elections: House of Representatives - last held 17 June 2003 (next to be held NA 2007) note: the House of Representatives has been convened and dissolved by the monarch several times since 1974; in November 1989, the first parliamentary elections in 22 years were held; political parties were not legalized until 1992; King ABDALLAH delayed the 2001 elections until 2003 election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - independents and others 89.6%, Islamic Action Front 10.4%; seats by party - independents and others 92, Islamic Action Front 18; note - one of the six quota seats was given to a female IAF candidate !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery: 3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 FAX: [1] (202) 966-3110 telephone: [1] (202) 966-2664 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: Abdoun, Amman mailing address: P. O. Box 354, Amman 11118 Jordan; Unit 70200, Box 5, APO AE 09892-0200 telephone: [962] (6) 592-0101 FAX: [962] (6) 592-4102 !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
 * constitutional monarchy
 * 'Amman
 * 12 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Ajlun, Al 'Aqabah, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, 'Amman, At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Jarash, Ma'an, Madaba
 * 25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
 * Independence Day, 25 May (1946)
 * 8 January 1952
 * based on Islamic law and French codes; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
 * 18 years of age; universal
 * chief of state: King ABDALLAH II (since 7 February 1999); Prince HUSSEIN (born 1994), son of King ABDALLAH, is first in line to inherit the throne
 * bicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-'Umma consists of the Senate, also called the House of Notables (Majlis al-Ayan) (55 seats; members appointed by the monarch from designated categories of public figures; members serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives, also called the House of Deputies (Majlis al-Nuwaab) (110 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms; note - six seats are reserved for women and are allocated by a special electoral panel if no women are elected)
 * Court of Cassation; Supreme Court (court of final appeal)
 * Al-Ahed Party [Khaldoun al-NASSER, secretary general]; Al-Ajyal [Muhammad KHALAYLEH, secretary general]; Ba'th Arab Progressive Party [Mahmood MA'AYTEH, secretary general]; Al-Umma (Nation) Party [Ahmad al-HANANDEH, secretary general]; Arab Land Party [Dr. Muhammad al-'ORAN, secretary general]; Communist Party [Munir HAMARINAH, secretary general]; Constitutional Front [Mahdi al-TALL, secretary general]; Democratic Arab Islamic Movement [Yusuf ABU BAKR, president]; Green Party [Muhammad BATAYNEH, secretary general]; Jordanian Democratic Left Party [Musa MA'AYTEH, secretary] general; Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party [Sa'id Dhiyab Ali MUSTAFA, secretary general]; Jordanian Progressive Party [Fawwaz al-ZUBI, secretary general]; Jordanian People's Democratic (Hashd) Party [Salim al-NAHHAS, secretary general]; Islamic Action Front [Hazma MANSOUR, secretary general]; Muslim Centrist Party [NA leader]; National Action (Haqq) Party [Muhammad al-ZUBI, secretary general]; National Constitutional Party [Abdul Hadi MAJALI, secretary general]; (Arab) Socialist Ba'th Party [Taysir al-HIMSI, secretary general]; Pan-Arab (Democratic) Movement [Mahmud al-NUWAYHI, secretary general]
 * Anti-Normalization Committee [Ali Abu SUKKAR, president vice chairman]; Jordanian Bar Association [Saleh ARMOUTI, president]; Jordanian Press Association [Sayf al-SHARIF, president]; Muslim Brotherhood [Abd-al-Majid DHUNAYBAT, secretary general]
 * ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Karim Tawfiq KAWAR
 * chief of mission: ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires David M. HALE
 * three equal horizontal bands of black (top), representing the Abbassid Caliphate, white, representing the Ummayyad Caliphate, and green, representing the Fatimid Caliphate; a red isosceles triangle on the hoist side, representing the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, and bearing a small white seven-pointed star symbolizing the seven verses of the opening Sura (Al-Fatiha) of the Holy Koran; the seven points on the star represent faith in One God, humanity, national spirit, humility, social justice, virtue, and aspirations; design is based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 29% services: 67.4% (2003 est.) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: 29.8% (1997) !| Distribution of family income - Gini index: !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $3.587 billion, including capital expenditures of $582 million (2003 est.) !| Public debt: !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Oil - proved reserves: !| Natural gas - production: !| Natural gas - consumption: !| Natural gas - exports: !| Natural gas - imports: !| Natural gas - proved reserves: !| Current account balance: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * Jordan is a small Arab country with inadequate supplies of water and other natural resources such as oil. Debt, poverty, and unemployment are fundamental problems, but King ABDALLAH, since assuming the throne in 1999, has undertaken some broad economic reforms in a long-term effort to improve living standards. 'Amman in the past three years has worked closely with the IMF, practiced careful monetary policy, and made substantial headway with privatization. The government also has liberalized the trade regime sufficiently to secure Jordan's membership in the WTrO (2000), a free trade accord with the US (2000), and an association agreement with the EU (2001). These measures have helped improve productivity and have put Jordan on the foreign investment map. The US-led war in Iraq in 2003 dealt an economic blow to Jordan, which was dependent on Iraq for discounted oil (worth $300-$600 million a year). Several Gulf nations have provided temporary aid to compensate for the loss of this oil; when this foreign aid expires, the Jordanian government has pledged to raise retail petroleum product prices and the sales tax base. Other ongoing challenges include fiscal adjustment to reduce the budget deficit, broader investment incentives to promote job-creating ventures, and the encouragement of tourism.
 * purchasing power parity - $23.64 billion (2003 est.)
 * 3.1% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $4,300 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 3.6%
 * 18.8% of GDP (2003)
 * 30% (2001 est.)
 * lowest 10%: 3.3%
 * 36.4 (1997)
 * 2.4% (2003 est.)
 * 1.36 million (2003)
 * agriculture 5%, industry 12.5%, services 82.5% (2001 est.)
 * 16% official rate; actual rate is 25%-30% (2001 est.)
 * revenues: $2.397 billion
 * 92.7% of GDP (2003)
 * wheat, barley, citrus, tomatoes, melons, olives; sheep, goats, poultry
 * phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, potash, light manufacturing, tourism
 * 3.5% (2003 est.)
 * 7.091 billion kWh (2001)
 * 6.86 billion kWh (2001)
 * 2 million kWh (2001)
 * 267 million kWh (2001)
 * 40 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 103,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * 445,000 bbl (1 January 2002)
 * 290 million cu m (2001 est.)
 * 290 million cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 3.256 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
 * $903 million (2003)
 * $2.908 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * clothing, phosphates, fertilizers, potash, vegetables, manufactures, pharmaceuticals
 * US 21.5%, Iraq 17.6%, Switzerland 6.5%, India 6.5%, Saudi Arabia 5.3% (2003)
 * $4.946 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * crude oil, textile fabrics, machinery, transport equipment, manufactured goods
 * Saudi Arabia 11.3%, China 7.9%, Germany 7.9%, US 6.8%, Iraq 6.5% (2003)
 * $5.364 billion (2003)
 * $7.683 billion (2003 est.)
 * ODA, $553 million (2000 est.)
 * Jordanian dinar (JOD)
 * JOD
 * Jordanian dinars per US dollar - 0.709 (2003), 0.709 (2002), 0.709 (2001), 0.709 (2000), 0.709 (1999)
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: microwave radio relay transmission and coaxial and fiber-optic cable are employed on trunk lines; considerable use of mobile cellular systems; Internet service is available international: country code - 962; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat, 1 Arabsat, and 29 land and maritime Inmarsat terminals; fiber-optic cable to Saudi Arabia and microwave radio relay link with Egypt and Syria; connection to international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe); participant in MEDARABTEL; international links total about 4,000 !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 622,600 (2003)
 * 1,325,300 (2003)
 * general assessment: service has improved recently with increased use of digital switching equipment, but better access to the telephone system is needed in the rural areas and easier access to pay telephones is needed by the urban public
 * AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1999)
 * 1.66 million (1997)
 * 20 (plus 96 repeaters) (1995)
 * 500,000 (1997)
 * .jo
 * 3,160 (2004)
 * 5 (2000)
 * 457,000 (2003)
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!| Railways: narrow gauge: 505 km 1.050-m gauge (2003) !| Highways: paved: 7,245 km unpaved: 0 km (2000) !| Pipelines: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: registered in other countries: 11 (2004 est.) foreign-owned: Greece 6 by type: cargo 2, container 1, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea/passenger 1 !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) 914 to 1,523 m: 1 !| Airports - with unpaved runways: under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.) !| Heliports:
 * total: 505 km
 * total: 7,245 km
 * gas 10 km; oil 743 km (2004)
 * Al 'Aqabah
 * total: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 78,814 GRT/92,695 DWT
 * 17 (2003 est.)
 * total: 15
 * total: 2
 * 1 (2003 est.)
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military manpower - reaching military age annually: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF) (Royal Jordanian Land Force, Royal Naval Force, Royal Jordanian Air Force, and Special Operations Command or SOCOM); note - Public Security Directorate normally falls under Ministry of Interior but comes under JAF in wartime or crisis situations
 * 17 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription at age 18 was suspended in 1999, although all males under age 37 are required to register (2004)
 * males age 15-49: 1,636,537 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 1,153,385 (2004 est.)
 * males: 59,471 (2004 est.)
 * $2,043.2 million (2003)
 * 20.2% (2003)
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