CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Greenland


 * }

!| Background:
 * The world's largest island, Greenland is about 81% ice-capped. Vikings reached the island in the 10th century from Iceland; Danish colonization began in the 18th century and Greenland was made an integral part of Denmark in 1953. It joined the European Community (now the European Union) with Denmark in 1973 but withdrew in 1985 over a dispute over stringent fishing quotas. Greenland was granted self-government in 1979 by the Danish parliament. The law went into effect the following year. Denmark continues to exercise control of Greenland's foreign affairs.
 * }


 * }

!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: land: 2,166,086 sq km (410,449 sq km ice-free, 1,755,637 sq km ice-covered) (2000 est.) !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Gunnbjorn 3,700 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Geography - note:
 * Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada
 * 72 00 N, 40 00 W
 * Arctic Region
 * total: 2,166,086 sq km
 * slightly more than three times the size of Texas
 * 0 km
 * 44,087 km
 * territorial sea: 3 nm
 * arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters
 * flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast
 * lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
 * coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, molybdenum, gold, platinum, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas
 * arable land: 0%
 * NA sq km
 * continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island
 * protection of the arctic environment; preservation of the Inuit traditional way of life, including whaling and seal hunting
 * dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements along coast, but close to one-quarter of the population lives in the capital, Nuuk; world's second largest ice cap
 * }


 * }

!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 68.5% (male 20,894; female 17,715) 65 years and over: 6% (male 1,585; female 1,817) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 34.8 years female: 31.9 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.18 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 1.12 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 14.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 17.62 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 65.75 years female: 72.98 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Nationality: adjective: Greenlandic !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: NA male: NA female: NA note: similar to Denmark proper
 * 56,384 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 25.5% (male 7,344; female 7,029)
 * total: 33.5 years
 * -0.01% (2004 est.)
 * 15.96 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 7.7 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * -8.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
 * total: 16.31 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 69.32 years
 * 2.42 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * NA
 * 100 (1999)
 * NA
 * noun: Greenlander(s)
 * Greenlander 88% (Inuit and Greenland-born whites), Danish and others 12% (January 2000)
 * Evangelical Lutheran
 * Greenlandic (East Inuit), Danish, English
 * definition: NA
 * }


 * }

!| Country name: conventional short form: Greenland local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat local long form: none !| Dependency status: !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: note: there are 18 municipalities in Greenland !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: note: government coalition - Siumut and Inuit Ataqatigiit election results: Hans ENOKSEN elected prime minister head of government: Prime Minister Hans ENOKSEN (since 14 December 2002) cabinet: Home Rule Government is elected by the Parliament (Landstinget) on the basis of the strength of parties elections: the monarchy is hereditary; high commissioner appointed by the monarch; prime minister is elected by Parliament (usually the leader of the majority party); election last held 3 December 2002 (next to be held December 2006) !| Legislative branch: note: two representatives were elected to the Danish Parliament or Folketing on 20 November 2001 (next to be held 8 February 2005); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Siumut 1, Inuit Ataqatigiit 1 election results: percent of vote by party - Siumut 28.7%, Inuit Ataqatigiit 25.5%, Atassut Party 20.4%, Demokratiit 15.6%, Katusseqatigiit 5.3%; seats by party - Siumut 10, Inuit Ataqatigiit 8, Atassut 7, Demokratiit 5, Katusseqatigiit 1 elections: last held on 3 December 2002 (next to be held by NA December 2006) !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: !| Diplomatic representation from the US: !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: none
 * part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1979
 * parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy
 * Nuuk (Godthab)
 * 3 districts (landsdele); Avannaa (Nordgronland), Tunu (Ostgronland), Kitaa (Vestgronland)
 * none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating to Greenland)
 * June 21 (longest day)
 * 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
 * Danish
 * 18 years of age; universal
 * chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II of Denmark (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Peter LAURITEEN (since NA 2002)
 * unicameral Parliament or Landstinget (31 seats; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
 * High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in Copenhagen)
 * Atassut Party (Solidarity, a conservative party favoring continuing close relations with Denmark) [Augusta SALLING]; Demokratiit [Per BERTHELSEN]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (Eskimo Brotherhood, a leftist party favoring complete independence from Denmark rather than home rule) [Josef MOTZFELDT]; Issituup (Polar Party) [Nicolai HEINRICH]; Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List, an independent right-of-center party with no official platform [leader NA]; Siumut (Forward Party, a social democratic party advocating more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark) [Hans ENOKSEN]
 * NA
 * NC, NIB, UPU
 * none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)
 * none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)
 * two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white
 * }


 * }

!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: NA services: NA !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: NA !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $629 million, including capital expenditures of $85 million (1999) !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * The economy remains critically dependent on exports of fish and substantial support from the Danish Government, which supplies about half of government revenues. The public sector, including publicly-owned enterprises and the municipalities, plays the dominant role in the economy. Despite several interesting hydrocarbon and minerals exploration activities, it will take several years before production can materialize. Tourism is the only sector offering any near-term potential, and even this is limited due to a short season and high costs.
 * purchasing power parity - $1.1 billion (2001 est.)
 * 1.8% (2001 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $20,000 (2001 est.)
 * agriculture: NA
 * NA
 * lowest 10%: NA
 * 1.6% (1999 est.)
 * 24,500 (1999 est.)
 * 10% (2000 est.)
 * revenues: $646 million
 * forage crops, garden and greenhouse vegetables; sheep, reindeer; fish
 * fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut), handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards, mining
 * NA
 * 245 million kWh (2001)
 * 227.9 million kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 3,700 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * $388 million f.o.b. (2002)
 * fish and fish products 94% (prawns 63%)
 * Denmark 64.7%, Japan 14.2%, China 4.4% (2003)
 * $445 million c.i.f. (2002)
 * machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, petroleum products
 * Denmark 82.6%, Norway 7.5%, Sweden 3.5% (2003)
 * $25 million (1999)
 * $380 million subsidy from Denmark (1997)
 * Danish krone (DKK) is the official legal tender.
 * DKK
 * Danish kroner per US dollar - 6.5877 (2003), 7.8947 (2002), 8.323 (2001), 8.083 (2000), 6.976 (1999)
 * calendar year
 * }


 * }

!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: microwave radio relay and satellite international: country code - 299; satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 2 Americom GE-2 (all Atlantic Ocean) !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 26,000 (2001)
 * 16,747 (2001)
 * general assessment: adequate domestic and international service provided by satellite, cables and microwave radio relay; totally digitalized in 1995
 * AM 5, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)
 * 30,000 (1998 est.)
 * 1 publicly-owned station, some local low-power stations, and three AFRTS (US Air Force) stations (1997)
 * 30,000 (1998 est.)
 * .gl
 * 2,642 (2004)
 * 1 (2000)
 * 20,000 (2002)
 * }


 * }

!| Highways: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: foreign-owned: Denmark 1 (2004 est.) by type: cargo 2, passenger 1 !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.) !| Airports - with unpaved runways: 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
 * total: NA (there are no roads between towns) (2003)
 * Aasiaat (Egedesminde), Ilulissat (Jakobshavn), Kangerlussuaq, Nanortalik, Narsarsuaq, Nuuk (Godthab), Qaqortoq (Julianehab), Sisimiut (Holsteinsborg), Tasiilaq
 * total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,593 GRT/3,640 DWT
 * 14 (2003 est.)
 * total: 9
 * total: 5
 * }


 * }

!| Military - note:
 * defense is the responsibility of Denmark
 * }