CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Cape Verde


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!| Background:
 * The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; Cape Verde subsequently became a trading center for African slaves and later an important coaling and resupply stop for whaling and transatlantic shipping. Following independence in 1975, and a tentative interest in unification with Guinea-Bissau, a one-party system was established and maintained until multi-party elections were held in 1990. Cape Verde continues to exhibit one of Africa's most stable democratic governments. Repeated droughts during the second half of the 20th century caused significant hardship and prompted heavy emigration. As a result, Cape Verde's expatriate population is greater than its domestic one. Most Cape Verdeans have both African and Portuguese antecedents.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: water: 0 sq km land: 4,033 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm territorial sea: 12 nm !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano on Fogo Island) !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 0.5% other: 89.82% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements !| Geography - note:
 * Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal
 * 16 00 N, 24 00 W
 * Political Map of the World
 * total: 4,033 sq km
 * slightly larger than Rhode Island
 * 0 km
 * 965 km
 * measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
 * temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic
 * steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic
 * lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
 * salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish
 * arable land: 9.68%
 * 30 sq km (1998 est.)
 * prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active
 * soil erosion; demand for wood used as fuel has resulted in deforestation; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several species of birds and reptiles; illegal beach sand extraction; overfishing
 * party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection
 * strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 53.3% (male 106,846; female 114,312) 65 years and over: 6.7% (male 10,580; female 17,403) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 18.2 years female: 19.9 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.61 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 43.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 54.39 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 66.83 years female: 73.54 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Nationality: adjective: Cape Verdean !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 76.6% male: 85.8% female: 69.2% (2003 est.)
 * 415,294 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 40% (male 83,835; female 82,318)
 * total: 19 years
 * 0.73% (2004 est.)
 * 26.13 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 6.72 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * -12.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
 * total: 49.14 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 70.14 years
 * 3.62 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * 0.04% (2001 est.)
 * 775 (2001)
 * 225 (as of 2001)
 * noun: Cape Verdean(s)
 * Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%
 * Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs); Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene)
 * Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Cape Verde local short form: Cabo Verde local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: head of government: Prime Minister Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 1 February 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 11 and 25 February 2001 (next to be held NA February 2006); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president election results: Pedro PIRES elected president; percent of vote - Pedro PIRES (PAICV) 49.43%, Carlos VIEGA (MPD) 49.42%; note - the election was won by only twelve votes !| Legislative branch: elections: last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA December 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - PAICV 47.3%, MPD 39.8%, ADM 6%, other 6.9%; seats by party - PAICV 40, MPD 30, ADM 2 !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general: Boston FAX: [1] (202) 965-1207 telephone: [1] (202) 965-6820 chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: Rua Abilio m. Macedo 81, Praia mailing address: C. P. 201, Praia telephone: [238] 61 56 16, 61 56 17 FAX: [238] 61 13 55 !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Republic of Cape Verde
 * republic
 * Praia
 * 17 municipalities (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Filipe, Sao Miguel, Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal
 * 5 July 1975 (from Portugal)
 * Independence Day, 5 July (1975)
 * new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the president, and a further revision in 1999, to create the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)
 * derived from the legal system of Portugal
 * 18 years of age; universal
 * chief of state: President Pedro PIRES (since 22 March 2001)
 * unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
 * Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia
 * African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Change or ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID); Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES, chairman]; Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Jacinto SANTOS, president]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Agostinho LOPES, president]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO, president]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Isaias RODRIGUES, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM, president]
 * NA
 * ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Jose BRITO
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Donald C. JOHNSON
 * three horizontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horizontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 16.5% services: 62.8% (2003) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: NA !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $269.9 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2003) !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Current account balance: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * This island economy suffers from a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought. The economy is service-oriented, with commerce, transport, tourism, and public services accounting for 72% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of agriculture in GDP in 2001 was only 11%, of which fishing accounted for 1.5%. About 82% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by foreign aid and remittances from emigrants; remittances supplement GDP by more than 20%. Economic reforms are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Prospects for 2004 depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, tourism, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program.
 * purchasing power parity - $600 million (2002 est.)
 * 4% (2002 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $1,400 (2002 est.)
 * agriculture: 10%
 * 16.5% of GDP (2003)
 * 30% (2000)
 * lowest 10%: NA
 * 3% (2003)
 * NA (1980)
 * 21% (2000 est.)
 * revenues: $252.9 million
 * bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish
 * food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair
 * NA
 * 42.03 million kWh (2001)
 * 39.08 million kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 2,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * $-106.3 million (2003)
 * $50.68 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * fuel, shoes, garments, fish, hides
 * Portugal 31%, France 27.6%, UK 17.2%, US 17.2% (2003)
 * $315.5 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels
 * Portugal 46.7%, Netherlands 9.1%, Belgium 3.8% (2003)
 * $88.02 million (2003)
 * $325 million (2002)
 * $136 million (1999)
 * Cape Verdean escudo (CVE)
 * CVE
 * Cape Verdean escudos (CVE) per US dollar - 97.703 (2003), 117.168 (2002), 123.228 (2001), 115.877 (2000), 102.7 (1999)
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: interisland microwave radio relay system with both analog and digital exchanges; work is in progress on a submarine fiber-optic cable system which is scheduled for completion in 2003 international: country code - 238; 2 coaxial submarine cables; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 71,700 (2003)
 * 53,300 (2003)
 * general assessment: effective system, being improved
 * AM 0, FM 15 (and 17 repeaters), shortwave 0 (2002)
 * 100,000 (2002 est.)
 * 1 (and 7 repeaters) (2002)
 * 15,000 (2002 est.)
 * .cv
 * 118 (2004)
 * 1 (2002)
 * 20,400 (2003)
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!| Highways: paved: 858 km unpaved: 242 km (1999 est.) !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: foreign-owned: United Kingdom 1 (2004 est.) by type: cargo 2, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 1 !| Airports: note: 3 airports are reported to be nonoperational (2003 est.) !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 5 (2004 est.) !| Airports - with unpaved runways: under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
 * total: 1,100 km
 * Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal
 * total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,395 GRT/6,614 DWT
 * 7
 * total: 6
 * total: 1
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Army, Coast Guard
 * males age 15-49: 98,394 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 55,477 (2004 est.)
 * $12.3 million (2003)
 * 1.5% (2003)
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