CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Brunei


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!| Background:
 * The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the developing world.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: water: 500 sq km land: 5,270 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: Malaysia 381 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to median line !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 0.76% other: 98.67% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements !| Geography - note:
 * Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
 * 4 30 N, 114 40 E
 * Southeast Asia
 * total: 5,770 sq km
 * slightly smaller than Delaware
 * total: 381 km
 * 161 km
 * territorial sea: 12 nm
 * tropical; hot, humid, rainy
 * flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
 * lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
 * petroleum, natural gas, timber
 * arable land: 0.57%
 * 10 sq km (1998 est.)
 * typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare
 * seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
 * party to: Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
 * close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 68% (male 131,682; female 116,631) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 5,035; female 5,647) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 27.3 years female: 26 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 9.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 16.51 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 72.13 years female: 77.09 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Nationality: adjective: Bruneian !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 93.9% male: 96.3% female: 91.4% (2002)
 * 365,251 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 29.1% (male 54,243; female 52,013)
 * total: 26.7 years
 * 1.95% (2004 est.)
 * 19.33 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 3.4 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 3.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
 * total: 13.05 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 74.54 years
 * 2.33 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
 * less than 200 (2003 est.)
 * less than 200 (2003 est.)
 * noun: Bruneian(s)
 * Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
 * Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%
 * Malay (official), English, Chinese
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Brunei !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary !| Legislative branch: elections: last held in March 1962; date of next election NA !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838 FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560 chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293 !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam
 * constitutional sultanate
 * Bandar Seri Begawan
 * 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong
 * 1 January 1984 (from UK)
 * National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection
 * 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
 * based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas
 * none
 * chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government
 * Legislative Council met on 25 September 2004 for first time in 20 years with 21 members appointed by the Sultan; passed constitutional amendments calling for a 45-seat council with 15 elected members
 * Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms)
 * other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988)
 * NA
 * APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato PUTEH
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Gene B. CHRISTY
 * yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 45% services: 50% (2001 est.) !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: NA !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (1999 est.) !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.) !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Oil - proved reserves: !| Natural gas - production: !| Natural gas - consumption: !| Natural gas - exports: !| Natural gas - imports: !| Natural gas - proved reserves: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * This small, wealthy economy encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion, although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas.
 * purchasing power parity - $6.5 billion (2002 est.)
 * 3% (2002 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $18,600 (2002 est.)
 * agriculture: 5%
 * NA (1992 est.)
 * lowest 10%: NA
 * -2% (2002 est.)
 * 143,400
 * agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, government 48% (1999 est.)
 * 10% (2001 est.)
 * revenues: $2.5 billion
 * rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo
 * petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction
 * 5% (2002 est.)
 * 2.497 billion kWh (2001)
 * 2.322 billion kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 217,200 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 13,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * 1.255 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
 * 10.35 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 1.35 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 9 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 315 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
 * $3.439 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
 * crude oil, natural gas, refined products
 * Japan 41%, South Korea 11.2%, Thailand 9.4%, Australia 8.4%, US 7.8%, China 6.7%, Singapore 4.5% (2003)
 * $1.63 billion c.i.f. (2002 est.)
 * machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
 * Singapore 19.9%, Malaysia 19.8%, US 11.4%, Japan 9.9%, Hong Kong 6.5%, China 4.8%, Australia 4.3%, Thailand 4% (2003)
 * $0
 * $4.3 million (1995)
 * Bruneian dollar (BND)
 * BND
 * Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.7422 (2003), 1.7906 (2002), 1.7917 (2001), 1.724 (2000), 1.695 (1999)
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: every service available international: country code - 673; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore (2001) !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 90,000 (2002)
 * 137,000 (2002)
 * general assessment: service throughout the country is excellent; international service is good to East Asia, Europe, and the US
 * AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)
 * 329,000 (1998)
 * 2 (1997)
 * 201,900 (1998)
 * .bn
 * 6,409 (2003)
 * 2 (2000)
 * 35,000 (2002)
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!| Highways: paved: 2,525 km unpaved: 0 km (2000) !| Waterways: !| Pipelines: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: by type: liquefied gas 8 foreign-owned: United Kingdom 8 (2004 est.) !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.) !| Airports - with unpaved runways: 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.) !| Heliports:
 * total: 2,525 km
 * 209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m) (2004)
 * gas 665 km; oil 439 km (2004)
 * Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong
 * total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 465,937 GRT/413,393 DWT
 * 2 (2003 est.)
 * total: 1
 * total: 1
 * 3 (2003 est.)
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military manpower - reaching military age annually: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Royal Brunei Land Forces, Royal Brunei Navy, Royal Brunei Air Force
 * 18 years of age (est.) (2004)
 * males age 15-49: 112,630 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: approx. 60,000 (2004 est.)
 * males: 3,425 (2004 est.)
 * $339.5 million (2003)
 * 5.9% (2003)
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