CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Bolivia


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!| Background:
 * Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simon BOLIVAR, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825; much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of nearly 200 coups and counter-coups. Comparatively democratic civilian rule was established in 1982, but leaders have faced difficult problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, and drug production. Current goals include attracting foreign investment, strengthening the educational system, resolving disputes with coca growers over Bolivia's counterdrug efforts, and waging an anticorruption campaign.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: water: 14,190 sq km land: 1,084,390 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Nevado Sajama 6,542 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 0.19% other: 97.54% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection !| Geography - note:
 * Central South America, southwest of Brazil
 * 17 00 S, 65 00 W
 * South America
 * total: 1,098,580 sq km
 * slightly less than three times the size of Montana
 * total: 6,743 km
 * 0 km (landlocked)
 * none (landlocked)
 * varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid
 * rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin
 * lowest point: Rio Paraguay 90 m
 * tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower
 * arable land: 2.67%
 * 1,280 sq km (1998 est.)
 * flooding in the northeast (March-April)
 * the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation
 * party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
 * landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 59.1% (male 2,522,086; female 2,631,944) 65 years and over: 4.5% (male 175,193; female 217,100) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 20.4 years female: 21.8 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 50.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 58.23 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 62.54 years female: 67.86 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Nationality: adjective: Bolivian !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 87.2% male: 93.1% female: 81.6% (2003 est.)
 * 8,724,156 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 36.4% (male 1,619,950; female 1,557,883)
 * total: 21.1 years
 * 1.56% (2004 est.)
 * 24.65 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 7.77 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * -1.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
 * total: 54.58 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 65.14 years
 * 3.08 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * 0.1% (2003 est.)
 * 4,900 (2003 est.)
 * less than 500 (2003 est.)
 * noun: Bolivian(s)
 * Quechua 30%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry) 30%, Aymara 25%, white 15%
 * Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist)
 * Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Bolivia local short form: Bolivia local long form: Republica de Bolivia !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: head of government: President Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert (since 17 October 2003); Vice President (vacant); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 30 June 2002 (next to be held NA June 2007) election results: as a result of no candidate winning a majority in the 30 June 2002 election, Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA Bustamante was chosen president by Congress; Congressional votes - Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA Bustamante 84, Evo MORALES 43; note - following the resignation of the elected president on 17 October 2003, Vice President Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert assumed the presidency !| Legislative branch: elections: Chamber of Senators and Chamber of Deputies - last held 30 June 2002 (next to be held NA June 2007) election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MNR 11, MAS 8, MIR 5, NFR 2, other 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MNR 36, MAS 27, MIR 26, NFR 25, others 16 !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s): Washington, DC consulate(s) general: Miami, New York, and San Francisco FAX: [1] (202) 328-3712 telephone: [1] (202) 483-4410 chancery: 3014 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: Avenida Arce 2780, San Jorge, La Paz mailing address: P. O. Box 425, La Paz; APO AA 34032 telephone: [591] (2) 2430120, 2430251 FAX: [591] (2) 2433900 !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Republic of Bolivia
 * republic
 * La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary)
 * 9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija
 * 6 August 1825 (from Spain)
 * Independence Day, 6 August (1825)
 * 2 February 1967; revised in August 1994
 * based on Spanish law and Napoleonic Code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
 * 18 years of age, universal and compulsory (married); 21 years of age, universal and compulsory (single)
 * chief of state: President Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert (since 17 October 2003); Vice President (vacant); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
 * bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (27 seats; members are elected by proportional representation from party lists to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; 68 are directly elected from their districts and 62 are elected by proportional representation from party lists to serve five-year terms)
 * Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-year terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases)
 * Bolivian Socialist Falange or FSB [Romel PANTOJA]; Civic Solidarity Union or UCS [Johnny FERNANDEZ]; Free Bolivia Movement or MBL [Franz BARRIOS]; Marshal of Ayacucho Institutional Vanguard or VIMA [Freddy ZABALA]; Movement of the Revolutionary Left or MIR [Jaime PAZ Zamora]; Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Evo MORALES]; Movement Without Fear or MSM [Juan DEL GRANADO]; Nationalist Democratic Action or ADN [Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez]; Nationalist Revolutionary Movement or MNR [leader NA]; New Republican Force or NFR [Manfred REYES-VILLA]; Pachakuti Indigenous Movement or MIP [Felipe QUISPE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jeres JUSTINIANO]
 * Cocalero Groups; indigenous organizations; labor unions; Sole Confederation of Campesino Workers of Bolivia or CSUTCB [Roman LOAYZA]
 * CAN, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS, ONUB, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Jaime APARICIO Otero
 * chief of mission: Ambassador David N. GREENLEE
 * three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 33.2% services: 51.9% (2003 est.) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: 32% (1999) !| Distribution of family income - Gini index: !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: note: widespread underemployment (2003) !| Budget: expenditures: $2.957 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2003) !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Oil - proved reserves: !| Natural gas - production: !| Natural gas - consumption: !| Natural gas - exports: !| Natural gas - imports: !| Natural gas - proved reserves: !| Current account balance: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * Bolivia, long one of the poorest and least developed Latin American countries, made considerable progress in the 1990s toward the development of a market-oriented economy. Successes under President SANCHEZ DE LOZADA (1993-97) included the signing of a free trade agreement with Mexico and becoming an associate member of the Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur), as well as the privatization of the state airline, telephone company, railroad, electric power company, and oil company. Growth slowed in 1999, in part due to tight government budget policies, which limited needed appropriations for anti-poverty programs, and the fallout from the Asian financial crisis. In 2000, major civil disturbances held down growth to 2.5%. Bolivia's GDP failed to grow in 2001 due to the global slowdown and laggard domestic activity. Growth picked up slightly in 2002, but the first quarter of 2003 saw extensive civil riots and looting and loss of confidence in the government. Bolivia will remain highly dependent on foreign aid unless and until it can develop its substantial natural resources.
 * purchasing power parity - $21.01 billion (2003 est.)
 * 2.5% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $2,400 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 15%
 * 12.4% of GDP (2003)
 * 70% (1999 est.)
 * lowest 10%: 1.3%
 * 44.7 (1999)
 * 3.3% (2003 est.)
 * 4.1 million (2003)
 * agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
 * 11.7%
 * revenues: $2.346 billion
 * soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes; timber
 * mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing
 * 3.9% (1998)
 * 3.901 billion kWh (2001)
 * 3.634 billion kWh (2001)
 * 3 million kWh (2001)
 * 9 million kWh (2001)
 * 44,340 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 49,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * 458.8 million bbl (1 January 2002)
 * 4.05 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 1.15 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 2.9 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 727.2 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
 * $50 million (2003)
 * $1.495 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * soybeans, natural gas, zinc, gold, wood (2000)
 * Brazil 37%, Venezuela 12.9%, Colombia 11.9%, US 11.5%, Peru 5.1% (2003)
 * $1.505 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * capital goods, raw materials and semi-manufactures, chemicals, petroleum, food
 * Brazil 25.2%, Argentina 22.3%, US 12%, Chile 9.3%, Peru 5.8% (2003)
 * $1.096 billion (2003)
 * $5.332 billion (2003 est.)
 * $588 million (1997)
 * boliviano (BOB)
 * BOB
 * bolivianos per US dollar - 7.6592 (2003), 7.17 (2002), 6.6069 (2001), 6.1835 (2000), 5.8124 (1999)
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded international: country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 600,100 (2003)
 * 1,401,500 (2003)
 * general assessment: new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities; mobile cellular telephone use expanding rapidly
 * AM 171, FM 73, shortwave 77 (1999)
 * 5.25 million (1997)
 * 48 (1997)
 * 900,000 (1997)
 * .bo
 * 7,080 (2003)
 * 9 (2000)
 * 270,000 (2002)
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!| Railways: narrow gauge: 3,519 km 1.000-m gauge (2003) !| Highways: paved: 3,496 km (including 13 km of expressways) unpaved: 50,294 km (2000 est.) !| Waterways: !| Pipelines: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: by type: bulk 3, cargo 26, chemical tanker 4, container 3, livestock carrier 1, multi-functional large load carrier 1, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea/passenger 3, specialized tanker 2 registered in other countries: 1 (2004 est.) foreign-owned: Argentina 1, British Virgin Islands 1, Cambodia 1, China 1, Cyprus 1, Egypt 1, Eritrea 1, Germany 2, Greece 1, Hong Kong 1, Indonesia 1, Iran 1, Italy 2, Latvia 2, Panama 3, Romania 1, Russia 1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Saudi Arabia 2, Singapore 3, Syria 1, Turkey 1, United Kingdom 1, United States 3, Yemen 2 !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.) !| Airports - with unpaved runways: over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 60 914 to 1,523 m: 207 under 914 m: 778 (2004 est.)
 * total: 3,519 km
 * total: 53,790 km
 * 10,000 km (commercially navigable) (2004)
 * gas 4,860 km; liquid petroleum gas 47 km; oil 2,457 km; refined products 1,589 km; unknown (oil/water) 247 km (2004)
 * Puerto Aguirre (on the Paraguay/Parana waterway, at the Bolivia/Brazil border); also, Bolivia has free port privileges in maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay
 * total: 56 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 413,407 GRT/699,901 DWT
 * 1,067 (2003 est.)
 * total: 16
 * total: 1,049
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military manpower - reaching military age annually: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Army (Ejercito Boliviano), Navy (Fuerza Naval, includes Marines), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana)
 * 18 years of age for voluntary military service; when annual number of volunteers falls short of goal, compulsory recruitment is effected, including conscription of boys as young as 14; one estimate holds that 40% of the armed forces are under the age of 18, with 50% of those under the age of 16; conscript tour of duty - 12 months (2002)
 * males age 15-49: 2,175,384 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 1,417,804 (2004 est.)
 * males: 98,155 (2004 est.)
 * $127 million (2003)
 * 1.6% (2003)
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