CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Argentina


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!| Background:
 * Following independence from Spain in 1816, Argentina experienced periods of internal political conflict between conservatives and liberals and between civilian and military factions. After World War II, a long period of Peronist authoritarian rule and interference in subsequent governments was followed by a military junta that took power in 1976. Democracy returned in 1983, and numerous elections since then have underscored Argentina's progress in democratic consolidation.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: land: 2,736,690 sq km water: 30,200 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km, Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Cerro Aconcagua 6,960 m (located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza) !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 0.48% other: 87.21% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: note: Argentina is a world leader in setting voluntary greenhouse gas targets !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation !| Geography - note:
 * Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay
 * 34 00 S, 64 00 W
 * South America
 * total: 2,766,890 sq km
 * slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US
 * total: 9,665 km
 * 4,989 km
 * territorial sea: 12 nm
 * mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest
 * rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border
 * lowest point: Laguna del Carbon -105 m (located between Puerto San Julian and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz)
 * fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium
 * arable land: 12.31%
 * 15,610 sq km (1998 est.)
 * San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding
 * environmental problems (urban and rural) typical of an industrializing economy such as deforestation, soil degradation, desertification, air pollution, and water pollution
 * party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
 * second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Cerro Aconcagua is South America's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbon is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 63.6% (male 12,452,566; female 12,457,451) 65 years and over: 10.5% (male 1,685,371; female 2,422,895) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 28.3 years female: 30.1 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 13.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 17.6 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 71.95 years female: 79.65 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Nationality: adjective: Argentine !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 97.1% male: 97.1% female: 97.1% (2003 est.)
 * 39,144,753 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 25.9% (male 5,179,236; female 4,947,234)
 * total: 29.2 years
 * 1.02% (2004 est.)
 * 17.19 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 7.57 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 0.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
 * total: 15.66 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 75.7 years
 * 2.24 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * 0.7% (2001 est.)
 * 130,000 (2001 est.)
 * 1,500 (2001 est.)
 * noun: Argentine(s)
 * white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo, Amerindian, or other nonwhite groups 3%
 * nominally Roman Catholic 92% (less than 20% practicing), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 4%
 * Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Argentina local short form: Argentina local long form: Republica Argentina !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: note: the US does not recognize any claims to Antarctica !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: head of government: President Nestor KIRCHNER (since 25 May 2003); Vice President Daniel SCIOLI (since 25 May 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president election results: results of the presidential primary of 27 April 2003: Carlos Saul MENEM 24.3%, Nestor KIRCHNER 22%, Ricardo Lopez MURPHY 16.4%, Adolfo Rodriguez SAA 14.4%, Elisa CARRIO 14.2%, other 8.7%; the subsequent runoff election slated for 25 May 2003 was awarded to KIRCHNER by default after MENEM withdrew his candidacy on the eve of the election elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; the last election held was the presidential primary election of 27 April 2003 (next election to be held NA 2007) !| Legislative branch: election results: Senate - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - PJ 41, UCR 16, provincial parties 15; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - PJ 133, UCR 46, IF 23, ARI 11, Socialist 6, other/provincial parties 38 elections: Senate - last held intermittently by province during the 2nd half of 2003 (next to be held NA 2005); Chamber of Deputies - last held intermittently by province during the 2nd half of 2003 (next to be held NA 2005) !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery: 1600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York FAX: [1] (202) 332-3171 telephone: [1] (202) 238-6400 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: Avenida Colombia 4300, C1425GMN Buenos Aires mailing address: international mail: use street address; APO address: Unit 4334, APO AA 34034 telephone: [54] (11) 5777-4533 FAX: [54] (11) 5777-4240 !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Argentine Republic
 * republic
 * Buenos Aires
 * 23 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), and 1 autonomous city* (distrito federal); Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires Capital Federal*, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur, Tucuman
 * 9 July 1816 (from Spain)
 * Revolution Day, 25 May (1810)
 * 1 May 1853; revised August 1994
 * mixture of US and West European legal systems; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
 * 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
 * chief of state: President Nestor KIRCHNER (since 25 May 2003); Vice President Daniel SCIOLI (since 25 May 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
 * bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate (72 seats; members are elected by direct vote; presently one-third of the members elected every two years to a six-year term) and the Chamber of Deputies (257 seats; members are elected by direct vote; one-half of the members elected every two years to a four-year term)
 * Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (the nine Supreme Court judges are appointed by the president with approval by the Senate)
 * Action for the Republic or AR [Domingo CAVALLO]; Alternative for a Republic of Equals or ARI [Elisa CARRIO]; Front for a Country in Solidarity or Frepaso (a four-party coalition) [Dario Pedro ALESSANDRO]; Interbloque Federal or IF (a broad coalition of approximately 12 parties including RECREAR) [leader NA]; Justicialist Party or PJ [leader NA] (Peronist umbrella political organization); Radical Civic Union or UCR [Angel ROZAS]; Federal Recreate Movement or RECREAR [Ricardo LOPEZ MURPHY]; Socialist Party or PS [Ruben GIUSTINIANI]; Union For All [Patricia BULLRICH]; several provincial parties
 * Argentine Association of Pharmaceutical Labs (CILFA); Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' association); Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association); business organizations; General Confederation of Labor or CGT (Peronist-leaning umbrella labor organization); Central of Argentine Workers or CTA (a radical union for employed and unemployed workers); Peronist-dominated labor movement; Roman Catholic Church; students
 * AfDB, Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, FAO, G-6, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NSG, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMOVIC, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Jose Octavio BORDON
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Lino GUTIERREZ
 * three equal horizontal bands of light blue (top), white, and light blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face known as the Sun of May
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 34.8% services: 54.1% (2003 est.) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: NA !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $26 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.) !| Public debt: !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Oil - proved reserves: !| Natural gas - production: !| Natural gas - consumption: !| Natural gas - exports: !| Natural gas - imports: !| Natural gas - proved reserves: !| Current account balance: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * Argentina benefits from rich natural resources, a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Over the past decade, however, the country has suffered recurring economic problems of inflation, external debt, capital flight, and budget deficits. Growth in 2000 was a negative 0.8%, as both domestic and foreign investors remained skeptical of the government's ability to pay debts and maintain the peso's fixed exchange rate with the US dollar. The economic situation worsened in 2001 with the widening of spreads on Argentine bonds, massive withdrawals from the banks, and a further decline in consumer and investor confidence. Government efforts to achieve a "zero deficit," to stabilize the banking system, and to restore economic growth proved inadequate in the face of the mounting economic problems. The peso's peg to the dollar was abandoned in January 2002, and the peso was floated in February; the exchange rate plunged and inflation picked up rapidly, but by mid-2002 the economy had stabilized, albeit at a lower level. Strong demand for the peso compelled the Central Bank to intervene in foreign exchange markets to curb its appreciation in 2003. Led by record exports, the economy began to recover with output up 8% in 2003, unemployment falling, and inflation reduced to under 4% at year-end.
 * purchasing power parity - $435.5 billion (2003 est.)
 * 8.7% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $11,200 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 11.1%
 * 15.1% of GDP (2003)
 * 51.7% (May 2003)
 * lowest 10%: NA
 * 13.4% (2003)
 * 14.92 million (2003)
 * agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
 * 17.3% (2003)
 * revenues: $26.62 billion
 * 65.7% of GDP (2003 est.)
 * sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat; livestock
 * food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel
 * 16.2% (2003 est.)
 * 97.17 billion kWh (2001)
 * 92.12 billion kWh (2001)
 * 5.662 billion kWh (2001)
 * 7.417 billion kWh (2001)
 * 828,600 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 486,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * 2.927 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
 * 37.15 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 31.1 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 6.05 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 768 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
 * $7.855 billion (2003)
 * $29.57 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * edible oils, fuels and energy, cereals, feed, motor vehicles
 * Brazil 15.8%, Chile 12%, US 10.6%, China 8.4%, Spain 4.7% (2003)
 * $13.27 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal manufactures, plastics
 * Brazil 34%, US 16.4%, Germany 5.6%, China 5.2% (2003)
 * $14.16 billion (2003)
 * $145.6 billion (2003 est.)
 * $10 billion (2001 est.)
 * Argentine peso (ARS)
 * ARS
 * Argentine pesos per US dollar - 2.9003 (2003), 3.0633 (2002), 0.9995 (2001), 0.9995 (2000), 0.9995 (1999)
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: microwave radio relay, fiber-optic cable, and a domestic satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network; more than 110,000 pay telephones are installed and mobile telephone use is rapidly expanding international: country code - 54; satellite earth stations - 8 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Atlantis II and Unisur submarine cables; two international gateways near Buenos Aires (1999) !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 8,009,400 (2002)
 * 6.5 million (2002)
 * general assessment: by opening the telecommunications market to competition and foreign investment with the "Telecommunications Liberalization Plan of 1998," Argentina encouraged the growth of modern telecommunication technology; fiber-optic cable trunk lines are being installed between all major cities; the major networks are entirely digital and the availability of telephone service is being improved; however, telephone density is presently minimal, and making telephone service universally available will take time
 * AM 260 (including 10 inactive stations), FM NA (probably more than 1,000, mostly unlicensed), shortwave 6 (1998)
 * 24.3 million (1997)
 * 42 (plus 444 repeaters) (1997)
 * 7.95 million (1997)
 * .ar
 * 742,358 (2003)
 * 33 (2000)
 * 4.1 million (2002)
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!| Railways: broad gauge: 20,594 km 1.676-m gauge (141 km electrified) standard gauge: 2,885 km 1.435-m gauge (26 km electrified) narrow gauge: 10,375 km 1.000-m gauge; 237 km 0.750-m gauge (2003) !| Highways: paved: 63,348 km (including 734 km of expressways) unpaved: 152,123 km (1999) !| Waterways: !| Pipelines: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: by type: cargo 9, petroleum tanker 9, rail car carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea/passenger 1, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: Uruguay 1 registered in other countries: 26 (2004 est.) !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 26 1,524 to 2,437 m: 62 914 to 1,523 m: 44 under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.) !| Airports - with unpaved runways: over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 50 914 to 1,523 m: 569 under 914 m: 567 (2004 est.)
 * total: 34,091 km (167 km electrified)
 * total: 215,471 km
 * 11,000 km (2004)
 * gas 27,166 km; liquid petroleum gas 41 km; oil 3,668 km; refined products 2,945 km; unknown (oil/water) 13 km (2004)
 * Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Comodoro Rivadavia, Concepcion del Uruguay, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Necochea, Rio Gallegos, Rosario, Santa Fe, Ushuaia
 * total: 45 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 149,007 GRT/212,620 DWT
 * 1,335 (2003 est.)
 * total: 144
 * total: 1,190
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military manpower - reaching military age annually: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Argentine Army, Navy of the Argentine Republic (includes Naval Aviation and Marines), Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Argentina, FAA)
 * 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
 * males age 15-49: 9,901,352 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 8,042,304 (2004 est.)
 * males: 327,738 (2004 est.)
 * $4.3 billion (FY99)
 * 1.3% (FY00)
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