CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Antigua and Barbuda


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!| Background:
 * The Siboney were the first to inhabit the islands of Antigua and Barbuda in 2400 B.C., but Arawak and Carib Indians populated the islands when Columbus landed on his second voyage in 1493. Early settlements by the Spanish and French were succeeded by the English who formed a colony in 1667. Slavery, established to run the sugar plantations on Antigua, was abolished in 1834. The islands became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1981.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: water: 0 sq km note: includes Redonda, 1.6 sq km land: 443 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Boggy Peak 402 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 4.55% other: 77.27% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements !| Geography - note:
 * Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico
 * 17 03 N, 61 48 W
 * Central America and the Caribbean
 * total: 443 sq km (Antigua 280 sq km; Barbuda 161 sq km)
 * 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
 * 0 km
 * 153 km
 * territorial sea: 12 nm
 * tropical; little seasonal temperature variation
 * mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas
 * lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
 * NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism
 * arable land: 18.18%
 * NA sq km
 * hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts
 * water management - a major concern because of limited natural fresh water resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly
 * party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
 * Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a very large western harbor
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 67.6% (male 23,179; female 23,023) 65 years and over: 4.3% (male 1,151; female 1,777) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 28.9 years female: 29.9 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 15.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 24.29 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 69.26 years female: 74.07 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Nationality: adjective: Antiguan, Barbudan !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 89% male: 90% female: 88% (1960 est.)
 * 68,320 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 28.1% (male 9,761; female 9,429)
 * total: 29.4 years
 * 0.6% (2004 est.)
 * 17.7 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 5.55 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * -6.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
 * total: 20.18 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 71.6 years
 * 2.27 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * NA
 * NA
 * NA
 * noun: Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s)
 * black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian
 * Christian, (predominantly Anglican with other Protestant, and some Roman Catholic)
 * English (official), local dialects
 * definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general chosen by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister head of government: Prime Minister Baldwin SPENCER (since 24 March 2004) !| Legislative branch: election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ALP 4, UPP 12, contested 1; note - new election will decide the contested seat elections: House of Representatives - last held 23 March 2004 (next to be held NA 2009) !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: [1] (202) 362-5122 FAX: [1] (202) 362-5225 consulate(s) general: Miami !| Diplomatic representation from the US: !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: none
 * constitutional monarchy with UK-style parliament
 * Saint John's (Antigua)
 * 6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip
 * 1 November 1981 (from UK)
 * Independence Day (National Day), 1 November (1981)
 * 1 November 1981
 * based on English common law
 * 18 years of age; universal
 * chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General James B. CARLISLE (since 10 June 1993)
 * bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (17-member body appointed by the governor general) and the House of Representatives (17 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve five-year terms)
 * Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)
 * Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant BIRD]; Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK]; United Progressive Party or UPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three opposition parties - United National Democratic Party or UNDP, Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, and Progressive Labor Movement or PLM)
 * Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [William ROBINSON]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL]
 * ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Lionel A. HURST
 * the US does not have an embassy in Antigua and Barbuda (embassy closed 30 June 1994); the US Ambassador to Barbados, Ambassador Mary E. KRAMER, is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda
 * red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 19.2% services: 76.8% (2002) !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: NA !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $145.9 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.) !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * Tourism continues to dominate the economy, accounting for more than half of GDP. Weak tourist arrival numbers since early 2000 have slowed the economy, however, and pressed the government into a tight fiscal corner. The dual-island nation's agricultural production is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components. Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on income growth in the industrialized world, especially in the US, which accounts for slightly more than one-third of tourist arrivals.
 * purchasing power parity - $750 million (2002 est.)
 * 3% (2002 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $11,000 (2002 est.)
 * agriculture: 3.9%
 * NA
 * lowest 10%: NA
 * 0.4% (2000 est.)
 * 30,000
 * agriculture 7%, industry 11%, services 82% (1983)
 * 11% (2001 est.)
 * revenues: $123.7 million
 * cotton, fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; livestock
 * tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)
 * 6% (1997 est.)
 * 105.3 million kWh (2001)
 * 97.89 million kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 3,600 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * $689 million (2002)
 * petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, machinery and transport equipment 17%, food and live animals 4%, other 8%
 * Germany 84.9%, UK 3.8%, US 3.3% (2003)
 * $692 million (2002 est.)
 * food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil
 * US 26.5%, Singapore 10%, Poland 7%, Germany 6.1%, UK 6.1%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.4% (2003)
 * $231 million (1999)
 * $2.3 million (1995)
 * East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
 * XCD
 * East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000), 2.7 (1999), 2.7 (1998) (fixed rate since 1976)
 * 1 April - 31 March
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: good automatic telephone system international: country code - 1-268; 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands Antilles) and Guadeloupe !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 38,000 (2002)
 * 38,200 (2002)
 * general assessment: NA
 * AM 4, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
 * 36,000 (1997)
 * 2 (1997)
 * 31,000 (1997)
 * .ag
 * 1,665 (2003)
 * 16 (2000)
 * 10,000 (2002)
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!| Highways: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: by type: bulk 25, cargo 477, chemical tanker 13, container 284, liquefied gas 10, multi-functional large load carrier 15, refrigerated cargo 10, roll on/roll off 32, vehicle carrier 1 registered in other countries: 2 (2004 est.) foreign-owned: Australia 1, Bahamas 1, Bangladesh 2, Belgium 3, Colombia 1, Cuba 1, Cyprus 1, Estonia 3, France 1, Germany 818, Greece 2, Iceland 5, Latvia 1, Lebanon 1, Lithuania 2, Malaysia 1, Netherlands 19, New Zealand 1, Norway 2, Portugal 1, Slovenia 5, Sweden 2, Switzerland 5, Turkey 3, United States 10 !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) !| Airports - with unpaved runways: under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
 * total: 250 km (1999 est.)
 * Saint John's
 * total: 867 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,873,626 GRT/7,683,143 DWT
 * 3 (2003 est.)
 * total: 2
 * total: 1
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force (including Coast Guard)
 * 18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
 * NA
 * NA
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