CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Angola


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!| Background:
 * Angola has begun to enjoy the fruits of peace since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but UNITA renewed fighting after being beaten by the MPLA at the polls. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - in the quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and strengthened the MPLA's hold on power. DOS SANTOS has pledged to hold national elections in 2006.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: water: 0 sq km land: 1,246,700 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Morro de Moco 2,620 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 0.24% other: 97.35% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements !| Geography - note:
 * Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo
 * 12 30 S, 18 30 E
 * Africa
 * total: 1,246,700 sq km
 * slightly less than twice the size of Texas
 * total: 5,198 km
 * 1,600 km
 * territorial sea: 12 nm
 * semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
 * narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau
 * lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
 * petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium
 * arable land: 2.41%
 * 750 sq km (1998 est.)
 * locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau
 * overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water
 * party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
 * the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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!| Population: !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 53.7% (male 2,998,892; female 2,897,837) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 137,340; female 170,789) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 18.1 years female: 18.1 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 179.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 204.97 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 36.06 years female: 37.55 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Major infectious diseases: overall degree of risk: very high (2004) !| Nationality: adjective: Angolan !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 42% male: 56% female: 28% (1998 est.)
 * 10,978,552 (July 2004 est.)
 * 0-14 years: 43.5% (male 2,410,326; female 2,363,368)
 * total: 18.1 years
 * 1.93% (2004 est.)
 * 45.14 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 25.86 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
 * total: 192.5 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 36.79 years
 * 6.33 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * 3.9% (2003 est.)
 * 240,000 (2003 est.)
 * 21,000 (2003 est.)
 * typhoid fever, malaria, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis
 * noun: Angolan(s)
 * Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%
 * indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)
 * Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Angola local short form: Angola former: People's Republic of Angola local long form: Republica de Angola !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: head of government: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Fernando de Piedade Dias DOS SANTOS was appointed Prime Minister on 6 December 2002, but this is not a position of real power cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by universal ballot for a NA-year term; President DOS SANTOS originally elected (in 1979) without opposition under a one-party system and stood for reelection in Angola's first multiparty elections 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held NA) election results: DOS SANTOS 49.6%, Jonas SAVIMBI 40.1%, making a run-off election necessary; the run-off was not held and SAVIMBI's National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) repudiated the results of the first election; the civil war resumed !| Legislative branch: elections: last held 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held NA) election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 54%, UNITA 34%, others 12%; seats by party - MPLA 129, UNITA 70, PRS 6, FNLA 5, PLD 3, others 7 !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: note: about a dozen minor parties participated in the 1992 elections but only won a few seats and have little influence in the National Assembly !| Political pressure groups and leaders: note: FLEC is waging a small-scale, highly factionalized, armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX: [1] (202) 785-1258 consulate(s) general: Houston and New York telephone: [1] (202) 785-1156 chancery: 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda mailing address: international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: American Embassy Luanda, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2550 telephone: [244] (2) 445-481, 447-028, 446-224 FAX: [244] (2) 446-924 !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Republic of Angola
 * republic, nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong presidential system
 * Luanda
 * 18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire
 * 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
 * Independence Day, 11 November (1975)
 * 11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March 1991, and 26 August 1992; note - new constitution has not yet been approved
 * based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets
 * 18 years of age; universal
 * chief of state: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
 * unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms)
 * Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (judges are appointed by the president)
 * Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Analia de Victoria PEREIRA]; National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [disputed leadership: Lucas NGONDA, Holden ROBERTO]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA], largest opposition party has engaged in years of armed resistance; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS], ruling party in power since 1975; Social Renewal Party or PRS [disputed leadership: Eduardo KUANGANA, Antonio MUACHICUNGO]
 * Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO; Antonio Bento BEMBE]
 * ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Josefina Perpetua Pitra DIAKIDI
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Christopher William DELL
 * two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 67% services: 25% (2001 est.) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: NA !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $6.012 billion, including capital expenditures of $963 million (2003 est.) !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Oil - proved reserves: !| Natural gas - production: !| Natural gas - consumption: !| Natural gas - exports: !| Natural gas - imports: !| Natural gas - proved reserves: !| Current account balance: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * Angola has been an economy in disarray because of a quarter century of nearly continuous warfare. An apparently durable peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI on February 22, 2002, but consequences from the conflict continue including the impact of wide-spread land mines. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 85% of the population. Oil production and the supporting activities are vital to the economy, contributing about 45% to GDP and more than half of exports. Much of the country's food must still be imported. To fully take advantage of its rich natural resources - gold, diamonds, extensive forests, Atlantic fisheries, and large oil deposits - Angola will need to continue reforming government policies and to reduce corruption. While Angola made progress in bringing inflation down further, from 325% in 2000 to about 106% in 2002, the government has failed to make sufficient progress on reforms recommended by the IMF such as increasing foreign exchange reserves and promoting greater transparency in government spending. Increased oil production supported 7% GDP growth in 2003.
 * purchasing power parity - $20.42 billion (2003 est.)
 * 1.5% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $1,900 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 8%
 * 31.7% of GDP (2003)
 * 70% (2003 est.)
 * lowest 10%: NA
 * 76.6% (2003 est.)
 * 5.57 million (2003 est.)
 * agriculture 85%, industry and services 15% (2003 est.)
 * extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more than half the population (2001 est.)
 * revenues: $4.874 billion
 * bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish
 * petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing; brewing; tobacco products; sugar; textiles
 * 1% (2000)
 * 1.45 billion kWh (2001)
 * 1.348 billion kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 742,400 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 31,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * 5.691 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
 * 530 million cu m (2001 est.)
 * 530 million cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 79.57 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
 * $-475 million (2003)
 * $9.669 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton
 * US 47.7%, China 23.4%, Taiwan 8%, France 7.4% (2003)
 * $4.08 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods
 * Portugal 18.2%, South Africa 12.4%, US 12.2%, Netherlands 11.6%, France 6.5%, Brazil 6.1%, UK 4.2% (2003)
 * $638.4 million (2003)
 * $9.164 billion (2003 est.)
 * $383.5 million (1999)
 * kwanza (AOA)
 * AOA
 * kwanza per US dollar - 74.6063 (2003), 43.5302 (2002), 22.0579 (2001), 10.041 (2000), 2.791 (1999), 0.393 (1998); note - in December 1999 the kwanza was revalued with six zeroes dropped off the old value
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: limited system of wire, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter international: country code - 244; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 96,300 (2003)
 * 130,000 (2002)
 * general assessment: telephone service limited mostly to government and business use; HF radiotelephone used extensively for military links
 * AM 21, FM 6, shortwave 7 (2000)
 * 815,000 (2000)
 * 6 (2000)
 * 196,000 (2000)
 * .ao
 * 17 (2003)
 * 1 (2000)
 * 41,000 (2002)
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!| Railways: narrow gauge: 2,638 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2003) !| Highways: paved: 5,349 km unpaved: 46,080 km (1999) !| Waterways: !| Pipelines: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: by type: cargo 6, petroleum tanker 1 registered in other countries: 4 (2004 est.) !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) !| Airports - with unpaved runways: over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 30 914 to 1,523 m: 95 under 914 m: 80 (2004 est.)
 * total: 2,761 km
 * total: 51,429 km
 * 1,300 km (2004)
 * gas 214 km; liquid natural gas 14 km; liquid petroleum gas 30 km; oil 837 km; refined products 56 km (2004)
 * Ambriz, Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Malongo, Namibe (Mocamedes), Porto Amboim, Soyo
 * total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 26,123 GRT/42,879 DWT
 * 244 (2003 est.)
 * total: 32
 * total: 211
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military manpower - reaching military age annually: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra, MdG), Air and Air Defense Forces (FANA)
 * 17 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years plus time for training (2001)
 * males age 15-49: 2,620,219 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 1,317,328 (2004 est.)
 * males: 113,103 (2004 est.)
 * $265.1 million (2003)
 * 1.9% (2003)
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