Barbour v. Georgia/Opinion of the Court

The Georgia prohibitory liquor law was approved November 18, 1915, but, by its terms, did not become effective until May 1, 1916. Under it Barbour was convicted for having in his possession on June 10, 1916, more than one gallon of vinous liquor. Georgia Laws, Extraordinary Session 1915, part 1, title 2, No. 4, §§ 16 and 30, pp. 90, 99, 105. He asserted that the liquor had been acquired by him before May 1st, and contended that the statute, if construed to apply to liquor so acquired, was void under the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court of the state overruled this contention and affirmed the sentence. 146 Ga. 667, 92 S. E. 70. The case comes here on writ of error under section 237 of the Judicial Code.

That a state which has enacted a prohibitory law may forbid the mere possession of liquor within its borders was decided in Crane v. Campbell, 245 U.S. 304, 38 Sup. Ct. 98, 62 L. Ed. 304; but it did not appear there when the liquor had been acquired. Whether the prohibition of sale may be constitutionally applied to liquor acquired before the enactment of the statute was raised in Bartemeyer v. Iowa, 18 Wall. 129, 21 L. Ed. 929, and Beer Co. v. Massachusetts, 97 U.S. 25, 32, 33, 24 L. Ed. 989, but was not decided. The question presented here, however, is simpler. For the exact date when Barbour acquired the liquor is not shown; and we must assume, as the Supreme Court of Georgia did, that it was acquired during the period of five months and twelve days between the enactment of the law and the date when it became effective. Does the Fourteenth Amendment, by its guaranty to property, prevent a state from protecting its citizens from liquor so acquired?

A state, having the power to forbid the manufacture, sale, and possession of liquor within its borders, may, if it concludes to exercise the power, obviously postpone the date when the prohibition shall become effective, in order that those engaged in the business and others may adjust themselves to the new conditions. Whoever acquires, after the enactment of the statute, property thus declared noxious, takes it with full notice of its infirmity and that after a day certain its possession will, by mere lapse of time, become a crime. It is well settled that the federal Constitution does not enable one to stay the exercise of a state's police power by entering into a contract under such circumstances. Diamond Glue Co. v. United States Glue Co., 187 U.S. 611, 615, 23 Sup. Ct. 206, 47 L. Ed. 328. Compare Calder v. Michigan, 218 U.S. 591, 599, 31 Sup. Ct. 122, 54 L. Ed. 1163. Nor can he do so by acquiring property.

The defendant raised, in his amended motion for a new trial, the further objection that the law was unconstitutional as applied to him, because the liquor had been acquired before the statute was enacted; but the trial judge denied the motion and declined to approve any of the grounds on which it was based. In accordance with the state practice its Supreme Court therefore refused to consider the point. Dickens v. State, 137 Ga. 523, 73 S. E. 826; Harris v. State, 120 Ga. 196, 197, 47 S. E. 573. Consequently the question is not before us (Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Woodford, 234 U.S. 46, 51, 34 Sup. Ct. 739, 58 L. Ed. 1202), and on it we express no opinion.

The judgment of the Supreme Court of Georgia is

Affirmed.