Agreement on the Withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union

=PREAMBLE=

THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE EUROPEAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMUNITY

AND

THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND,

CONSIDERING that on 29 March 2017 the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (&#34;United Kingdom&#34;), following the outcome of a referendum held in the United Kingdom and its sovereign decision to leave the European Union, notified its intention to withdraw from the European Union (&#34;Union&#34;) and the European Atomic Energy Community (&#34;Euratom&#34;) in accordance with Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (&#34;TEU&#34;), which applies to Euratom by virtue of Article 106a of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (&#34;Euratom Treaty&#34;),

WISHING to set out the arrangements for the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union and Euratom, taking account of the framework for their future relationship,

NOTING the guidelines of 29 April and 15 December 2017 and of 23 March 2018 provided by the European Council in the light of which the Union is to conclude the Agreement setting out the arrangements for the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union and Euratom,

RECALLING that, pursuant to Article 50 TEU, in conjunction with Article 106a of the Euratom Treaty, and subject to the arrangements laid down in this Agreement, the law of the Union and of Euratom in its entirety ceases to apply to the United Kingdom from the date of entry into force of this Agreement,

STRESSING that the objective of this Agreement is to ensure an orderly withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union and Euratom,

RECOGNISING that it is necessary to provide reciprocal protection for Union citizens and for United Kingdom nationals, as well as their respective family members, where they have exercised free movement rights before a date set in this Agreement, and to ensure that their rights under this Agreement are enforceable and based on the principle of non-discrimination; recognising also that rights deriving from periods of social security insurance should be protected,

RESOLVED to ensure an orderly withdrawal through various separation provisions aiming to prevent disruption and to provide legal certainty to citizens and economic operators as well as to judicial and administrative authorities in the Union and in the United Kingdom, while not excluding the possibility of relevant separation provisions being superseded by the agreement(s) on the future relationship,

CONSIDERING that it is in the interest of both the Union and the United Kingdom to determine a transition or implementation period during which – notwithstanding all consequences of the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the Union as regards the United Kingdom's participation in the institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union, in particular the end, on the date of entry into force of this Agreement, of the mandates of all members of institutions, bodies and agencies of the Union nominated, appointed or elected in relation to the United Kingdom's membership of the Union – Union law, including international agreements, should be applicable to and in the United Kingdom, and, as a general rule, with the same effect as regards the Member States, in order to avoid disruption in the period during which the agreement(s) on the future relationship will be negotiated,

RECOGNISING that, even if Union law will be applicable to and in the United Kingdom during the transition period, the specificities of the United Kingdom as a State having withdrawn from the Union mean that it will be important for the United Kingdom to be able to take steps to prepare and establish new international arrangements of its own, including in areas of Union exclusive competence, provided such agreements do not enter into force or apply during that period, unless so authorised by the Union,

RECALLING that the Union and the United Kingdom have agreed to honour the mutual commitments undertaken while the United Kingdom was a member of the Union through a single financial settlement,

CONSIDERING that in order to guarantee the correct interpretation and application of this Agreement and compliance with the obligations under this Agreement, it is essential to establish provisions ensuring overall governance, in particular binding dispute-settlement and enforcement rules that fully respect the autonomy of the respective legal orders of the Union and of the United Kingdom as well as the United Kingdom's status as a third country,

ACKNOWLEDGING that, for an orderly withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union, it is also necessary to establish, in separate protocols to this Agreement, durable arrangements addressing the very specific situations relating to Ireland/Northern Ireland and to the Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus,

ACKNOWLEDGING further that, for an orderly withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union, it is also necessary to establish, in a separate protocol to this Agreement, the specific arrangements in respect of Gibraltar applicable in particular during the transition period,

UNDERLINING that this Agreement is founded on an overall balance of benefits, rights and obligations for the Union and the United Kingdom,

NOTING that in parallel with this Agreement, the Parties have made a Political Declaration setting out the framework for the future relationship between the European Union and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,

CONSIDERING that there is a need for both the United Kingdom and the Union to take all necessary steps to begin as soon as possible from the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the formal negotiations of one or several agreements governing their future relationship with a view to ensuring that, to the extent possible, those agreements apply from the end of the transition period,

HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:

=PART ONE — COMMON PROVISIONS=

ARTICLE 1 — Objective
This Agreement sets out the arrangements for the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (&#34;United Kingdom&#34;) from the European Union (&#34;Union&#34;) and from the European Atomic Energy Community (&#34;Euratom&#34;).

ARTICLE 2 — Definitions
For the purposes of this Agreement, the following definitions shall apply:

(a) &#34;Union law&#34; means:

(i) the Treaty on European Union (&#34;TEU&#34;), the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (&#34;TFEU&#34;) and the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (&#34;Euratom Treaty&#34;), as amended or supplemented, as well as the Treaties of Accession and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, together referred to as &#34;the Treaties&#34;;

(ii) the general principles of the Union's law;

(iii) the acts adopted by the institutions, bodies, offices or agencies of the Union;

(iv) the international agreements to which the Union is party and the international agreements concluded by the Member States acting on behalf of the Union;

(v) the agreements between Member States entered into in their capacity as Member States of the Union;

(vi) acts of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States meeting within the European Council or the Council of the European Union (&#34;Council&#34;);

(vii) the declarations made in the context of intergovernmental conferences which adopted the Treaties;

(b) &#34;Member States&#34; means the Kingdom of Belgium, the Republic of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Estonia, Ireland, the Hellenic Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, the Republic of Croatia, the Italian Republic, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Poland, the Portuguese Republic, Romania, the Republic of Slovenia, the Slovak Republic, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden;

(c) &#34;Union citizen&#34; means any person holding the nationality of a Member State;

(d) &#34;United Kingdom national&#34; means a national of the United Kingdom, as defined in the New Declaration by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland of 31 December 1982 on the definition of the term &#34;nationals&#34; together with Declaration No 63 annexed to the Final Act of the intergovernmental conference which adopted the Treaty of Lisbon ;

(e) &#34;transition period&#34; means the period provided in Article 126;

(f) &#34;day&#34; means a calendar day, unless otherwise provided in this Agreement or in provisions of Union law made applicable by this Agreement.

ARTICLE 3 — Territorial scope
1. Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement or in Union law made applicable by this Agreement, any reference in this Agreement to the United Kingdom or its territory shall be understood as referring to:

(a) the United Kingdom;

(b) Gibraltar, to the extent that Union law was applicable to it before the date of entry into force of this Agreement;

(c) the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, to the extent that Union law was applicable to them before the date of entry into force of this Agreement;

(d) the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia in Cyprus, to the extent necessary to ensure the implementation of the arrangements set out in the Protocol on the Sovereign Base Areas of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Cyprus annexed to the Act concerning the conditions of accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic to the European Union;

(e) the overseas countries and territories listed in Annex II to the TFEU having special relations with the United Kingdom, where the provisions of this Agreement relate to the special arrangements for the association of the overseas countries and territories with the Union.

2. Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement or in Union law made applicable by this Agreement, any reference in this Agreement to Member States, or their territory, shall be understood as covering the territories of the Member States to which the Treaties apply as provided in Article 355 TFEU.

ARTICLE 4 — Methods and principles relating to the effect, the implementation and the application of this Agreement
1. The provisions of this Agreement and the provisions of Union law made applicable by this Agreement shall produce in respect of and in the United Kingdom the same legal effects as those which they produce within the Union and its Member States.

Accordingly, legal or natural persons shall in particular be able to rely directly on the provisions contained or referred to in this Agreement which meet the conditions for direct effect under Union law.

2. The United Kingdom shall ensure compliance with paragraph 1, including as regards the required powers of its judicial and administrative authorities to disapply inconsistent or incompatible domestic provisions, through domestic primary legislation.

3. The provisions of this Agreement referring to Union law or to concepts or provisions thereof shall be interpreted and applied in accordance with the methods and general principles of Union law.

4. The provisions of this Agreement referring to Union law or to concepts or provisions thereof shall in their implementation and application be interpreted in conformity with the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union handed down before the end of the transition period.

5. In the interpretation and application of this Agreement, the United Kingdom's judicial and administrative authorities shall have due regard to relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union handed down after the end of the transition period.

ARTICLE 5 — Good faith
The Union and the United Kingdom shall, in full mutual respect and good faith, assist each other in carrying out tasks which flow from this Agreement.

They shall take all appropriate measures, whether general or particular, to ensure fulfilment of the obligations arising from this Agreement and shall refrain from any measures which could jeopardise the attainment of the objectives of this Agreement.

This Article is without prejudice to the application of Union law pursuant to this Agreement, in particular the principle of sincere cooperation.

ARTICLE 6 — References to Union law
1. With the exception of Parts Four and Five, unless otherwise provided in this Agreement all references in this Agreement to Union law shall be understood as references to Union law, including as amended or replaced, as applicable on the last day of the transition period.

2. Where in this Agreement reference is made to Union acts or provisions thereof, such reference shall, where relevant, be understood to include a reference to Union law or provisions thereof that, although replaced or superseded by the act referred to, continue to apply in accordance with that act.

3. For the purposes of this Agreement, references to provisions of Union law made applicable by this Agreement shall be understood to include references to the relevant Union acts supplementing or implementing those provisions.

ARTICLE 7 — References to the Union and to Member States
1. For the purposes of this Agreement, all references to Member States and competent authorities of Member States in provisions of Union law made applicable by this Agreement shall be understood as including the United Kingdom and its competent authorities, except as regards:

(a) the nomination, appointment or election of members of the institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union, as well as the participation in the decision-making and the attendance in the meetings of the institutions;

(b) the participation in the decision-making and governance of the bodies, offices and agencies of the Union;

(c) the attendance in the meetings of the committees referred to in Article 3(2) of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of Commission expert groups or of other similar entities, or in the meetings of expert groups or similar entities of bodies, offices and agencies of the Union, unless otherwise provided in this Agreement.

2. Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, any reference to the Union shall be understood as including Euratom.

ARTICLE 8 — Access to networks, information systems and databases
Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, at the end of the transition period the United Kingdom shall cease to be entitled to access any network, any information system and any database established on the basis of Union law. The United Kingdom shall take appropriate measures to ensure that it does not access a network, information system or database which it is no longer entitled to access.

=PART TWO — CITIZENS' RIGHTS=

ARTICLE 9 — Definitions
For the purposes of this Part, and without prejudice to Title III, the following definitions shall apply:

(a) &#34;family members&#34; means the following persons, irrespective of their nationality, who fall within the personal scope provided for in Article 10 of this Agreement:

(i) family members of Union citizens or family members of United Kingdom nationals as defined in point (2) of Article 2 of Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ;

(ii) persons other than those defined in Article 3(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC whose presence is required by Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals in order not to deprive those Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals of a right of residence granted by this Part;

(b) &#34;frontier workers&#34; means Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals who pursue an economic activity in accordance with Article 45 or 49 TFEU in one or more States in which they do not reside;

(c) &#34;host State&#34; means:

(i) in respect of Union citizens and their family members, the United Kingdom, if they exercised their right of residence there in accordance with Union law before the end of the transition period and continue to reside there thereafter;

(ii) in respect of United Kingdom nationals and their family members, the Member State in which they exercised their right of residence in accordance with Union law before the end of the transition period and in which they continue to reside thereafter;

(d) &#34;State of work&#34; means:

(i) in respect of Union citizens, the United Kingdom, if they pursued an economic activity as frontier workers there before the end of the transition period and continue to do so thereafter;

(ii) in respect of United Kingdom nationals, a Member State in which they pursued an economic activity as frontier workers before the end of the transition period and in which they continue to do so thereafter;

(e) &#34;rights of custody&#34; means rights of custody within the meaning of point (9) of Article 2 of Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003, including rights of custody acquired by judgment, by operation of law or by an agreement having legal effect.

ARTICLE 10 — Personal scope
1. Without prejudice to Title III, this Part shall apply to the following persons:

(a) Union citizens who exercised their right to reside in the United Kingdom in accordance with Union law before the end of the transition period and continue to reside there thereafter;

(b) United Kingdom nationals who exercised their right to reside in a Member State in accordance with Union law before the end of the transition period and continue to reside there thereafter;

(c) Union citizens who exercised their right as frontier workers in the United Kingdom in accordance with Union law before the end of the transition period and continue to do so thereafter;

(d) United Kingdom nationals who exercised their right as frontier workers in one or more Member States in accordance with Union law before the end of the transition period and continue to do so thereafter;

(e) family members of the persons referred to in points (a) to (d), provided that they fulfil one of the following conditions:

(i) they resided in the host State in accordance with Union law before the end of the transition period and continue to reside there thereafter;

(ii) they were directly related to a person referred to in points (a) to (d) and resided outside the host State before the end of the transition period, provided that they fulfil the conditions set out in point (2) of Article 2 of Directive 2004/38/EC at the time they seek residence under this Part in order to join the person referred to in points (a) to (d) of this paragraph;

(iii) they were born to, or legally adopted by, persons referred to in points (a) to (d) after the end of the transition period, whether inside or outside the host State, and fulfil the conditions set out in point (2)(c) of Article 2 of Directive 2004/38/EC at the time they seek residence under this Part in order to join the person referred to in points (a) to (d) of this paragraph and fulfil one of the following conditions:

— both parents are persons referred to in points (a) to (d);

— one parent is a person referred to in points (a) to (d) and the other is a national of the host State; or

— one parent is a person referred to in points (a) to (d) and has sole or joint rights of custody of the child, in accordance with the applicable rules of family law of a Member State or of the United Kingdom, including applicable rules of private international law under which rights of custody established under the law of a third State are recognised in the Member State or in the United Kingdom, in particular as regards the best interests of the child, and without prejudice to the normal operation of such applicable rules of private international law ;

(f) family members who resided in the host State in accordance with Articles 12 and 13, Article 16(2) and Articles 17 and 18 of Directive 2004/38/EC before the end of the transition period and continue to reside there thereafter.

2. Persons falling under points (a) and (b) of Article 3(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC whose residence was facilitated by the host State in accordance with its national legislation before the end of the transition period in accordance with Article 3(2) of that Directive shall retain their right of residence in the host State in accordance with this Part, provided that they continue to reside in the host State thereafter.

3. Paragraph 2 shall also apply to persons falling under points (a) and (b) of Article 3(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC who have applied for facilitation of entry and residence before the end of the transition period, and whose residence is being facilitated by the host State in accordance with its national legislation thereafter.

4. Without prejudice to any right to residence which the persons concerned may have in their own right, the host State shall, in accordance with its national legislation and in accordance with point (b) of Article 3(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC, facilitate entry and residence for the partner with whom the person referred to in points (a) to (d) of paragraph 1 of this Article has a durable relationship, duly attested, where that partner resided outside the host State before the end of the transition period, provided that the relationship was durable before the end of the transition period and continues at the time the partner seeks residence under this Part.

5. In the cases referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4, the host State shall undertake an extensive examination of the personal circumstances of the persons concerned and shall justify any denial of entry or residence to such persons.

ARTICLE 11 — Continuity of residence
Continuity of residence for the purposes of Articles 9 and 10 shall not be affected by absences as referred to in Article 15(2).

The right of permanent residence acquired under Directive 2004/38/EC before the end of the transition period shall not be treated as lost through absence from the host State for a period specified in Article 15(3).

ARTICLE 12 — Non-discrimination
Within the scope of this Part, and without prejudice to any special provisions contained therein, any discrimination on grounds of nationality within the meaning of the first subparagraph of Article 18 TFEU shall be prohibited in the host State and the State of work in respect of the persons referred to in Article 10 of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 13 — Residence rights
1. Union citizens and United Kingdom nationals shall have the right to reside in the host State under the limitations and conditions as set out in Articles 21, 45 or 49 TFEU and in Article 6(1), points (a), (b) or (c) of Article 7(1), Article 7(3), Article 14, Article 16(1) or Article 17(1) of Directive 2004/38/EC.

2. Family members who are either Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals shall have the right to reside in the host State as set out in Article 21 TFEU and in Article 6(1), point (d) of Article 7(1), Article 12(1) or (3), Article 13(1), Article 14, Article 16(1) or Article 17(3) and (4) of Directive 2004/38/EC, subject to the limitations and conditions set out in those provisions.

3. Family members who are neither Union citizens nor United Kingdom nationals shall have the right to reside in the host State under Article 21 TFEU and as set out in Article 6(2), Article 7(2), Article 12(2) or (3), Article 13(2), Article 14, Article 16(2), Article 17(3) or (4) or Article 18 of Directive 2004/38/EC, subject to the limitations and conditions set out in those provisions.

4. The host State may not impose any limitations or conditions for obtaining, retaining or losing residence rights on the persons referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, other than those provided for in this Title. There shall be no discretion in applying the limitations and conditions provided for in this Title, other than in favour of the person concerned.

ARTICLE 14 — Right of exit and of entry
1. Union citizens and United Kingdom nationals, their respective family members, and other persons, who reside in the territory of the host State in accordance with the conditions set out in this Title shall have the right to leave the host State and the right to enter it, as set out in Article 4(1) and the first subparagraph of Article 5(1) of Directive 2004/38/EC, with a valid passport or national identity card in the case of Union citizens and United Kingdom nationals, and with a valid passport in the case of their respective family members and other persons who are not Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals.

Five years after the end of the transition period, the host State may decide no longer to accept national identity cards for the purposes of entry to or exit from its territory if such cards do not include a chip that complies with the applicable International Civil Aviation Organisation standards related to biometric identification.

2. No exit visa, entry visa or equivalent formality shall be required of holders of a valid document issued in accordance with Article 18 or 26.

3. Where the host State requires family members who join the Union citizen or United Kingdom national after the end of the transition period to have an entry visa, the host State shall grant such persons every facility to obtain the necessary visas. Such visas shall be issued free of charge as soon as possible, and on the basis of an accelerated procedure.

ARTICLE 15 — Right of permanent residence
1. Union citizens and United Kingdom nationals, and their respective family members, who have resided legally in the host State in accordance with Union law for a continuous period of 5 years or for the period specified in Article 17 of Directive 2004/38/EC, shall have the right to reside permanently in the host State under the conditions set out in Articles 16, 17 and 18 of Directive 2004/38/EC. Periods of legal residence or work in accordance with Union law before and after the end of the transition period shall be included in the calculation of the qualifying period necessary for acquisition of the right of permanent residence.

2. Continuity of residence for the purposes of acquisition of the right of permanent residence shall be determined in accordance with Article 16(3) and Article 21 of Directive 2004/38/EC.

3. Once acquired, the right of permanent residence shall be lost only through absence from the host State for a period exceeding 5 consecutive years.

ARTICLE 16 — Accumulation of periods
Union citizens and United Kingdom nationals, and their respective family members, who before the end of the transition period resided legally in the host State in accordance with the conditions of Article 7 of Directive 2004/38/EC for a period of less than 5 years, shall have the right to acquire the right to reside permanently under the conditions set out in Article 15 of this Agreement once they have completed the necessary periods of residence. Periods of legal residence or work in accordance with Union law before and after the end of the transition period shall be included in the calculation of the qualifying period necessary for acquisition of the right of permanent residence.

ARTICLE 17 — Status and changes
1. The right of Union citizens and United Kingdom nationals, and their respective family members, to rely directly on this Part shall not be affected when they change status, for example between student, worker, self-employed person and economically inactive person. Persons who, at the end of the transition period, enjoy a right of residence in their capacity as family members of Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals, cannot become persons referred to in points (a) to (d) of Article 10(1).

2. The rights provided for in this Title for the family members who are dependants of Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals before the end of the transition period, shall be maintained even after they cease to be dependants.

ARTICLE 18 — Issuance of residence documents
1. The host State may require Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals, their respective family members and other persons, who reside in its territory in accordance with the conditions set out in this Title, to apply for a new residence status which confers the rights under this Title and a document evidencing such status which may be in a digital form.

Applying for such a residence status shall be subject to the following conditions:

(a) the purpose of the application procedure shall be to verify whether the applicant is entitled to the residence rights set out in this Title. Where that is the case, the applicant shall have a right to be granted the residence status and the document evidencing that status;

(b) the deadline for submitting the application shall not be less than 6 months from the end of the transition period, for persons residing in the host State before the end of the transition period.

For persons who have the right to commence residence after the end of the transition period in the host State in accordance with this Title, the deadline for submitting the application shall be 3 months after their arrival or the expiry of the deadline referred to in the first subparagraph, whichever is later.

A certificate of application for the residence status shall be issued immediately;

(c) the deadline for submitting the application referred to in point (b) shall be extended automatically by 1 year where the Union has notified the United Kingdom, or the United Kingdom has notified the Union, that technical problems prevent the host State either from registering the application or from issuing the certificate of application referred to in point (b). The host State shall publish that notification and shall provide appropriate public information for the persons concerned in good time;

(d) where the deadline for submitting the application referred to in point (b) is not respected by the persons concerned, the competent authorities shall assess all the circumstances and reasons for not respecting the deadline and shall allow those persons to submit an application within a reasonable further period of time if there are reasonable grounds for the failure to respect the deadline;

(e) the host State shall ensure that any administrative procedures for applications are smooth, transparent and simple, and that any unnecessary administrative burdens are avoided;

(f) application forms shall be short, simple, user friendly and adapted to the context of this Agreement; applications made by families at the same time shall be considered together;

(g) the document evidencing the status shall be issued free of charge or for a charge not exceeding that imposed on citizens or nationals of the host State for the issuing of similar documents;

(h) persons who, before the end of the transition period, hold a valid permanent residence document issued under Article 19 or 20 of Directive 2004/38/EC or hold a valid domestic immigration document conferring a permanent right to reside in the host State, shall have the right to exchange that document within the period referred to in point (b) of this paragraph for a new residence document upon application after a verification of their identity, a criminality and security check in accordance with point (p) of this paragraph and confirmation of their ongoing residence; such new residence documents shall be issued free of charge;

(i) the identity of the applicants shall be verified through the presentation of a valid passport or national identity card for Union citizens and United Kingdom nationals, and through the presentation of a valid passport for their respective family members and other persons who are not Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals; the acceptance of such identity documents shall not be made conditional upon any criteria other than that of the validity of the document. Where the identity document is retained by the competent authorities of the host State while the application is pending, the host State shall return that document upon application without delay, before the decision on the application has been taken;

(j) supporting documents other than identity documents, such as civil status documents, may be submitted in copy. Originals of supporting documents may be required only in specific cases where there is a reasonable doubt as to the authenticity of the supporting documents submitted;

(k) the host State may only require Union citizens and United Kingdom nationals to present, in addition to the identity documents referred to in point (i) of this paragraph, the following supporting documents as referred to in Article 8(3) of Directive 2004/38/EC:

(i) where they reside in the host State in accordance with point (a) of Article 7(1) of Directive 2004/38/EC as workers or self-employed, a confirmation of engagement from the employer or a certificate of employment, or proof that they are self‐employed;

(ii) where they reside in the host State in accordance with point (b) of Article 7(1) of Directive 2004/38/EC as economically inactive persons, evidence that they have sufficient resources for themselves and their family members not to become a burden on the social assistance system of the host State during their period of residence and that they have comprehensive sickness insurance cover in the host State; or

(iii) where they reside in the host State in accordance with point (c) of Article 7(1) of Directive 2004/38/EC as students, proof of enrolment at an establishment accredited or financed by the host State on the basis of its legislation or administrative practice, proof of comprehensive sickness insurance cover, and a declaration or equivalent means of proof, that they have sufficient resources for themselves and their family members not to become a burden on the social assistance system of the host State during their period of residence. The host State may not require such declarations to refer to any specific amount of resources.

With regard to the condition of sufficient resources, Article 8(4) of Directive 2004/38/EC shall apply;

(l) the host State may only require family members who fall under point (e)(i) of Article 10(1) or Article 10(2) or (3) of this Agreement and who reside in the host State in accordance with point (d) of Article 7(1) or Article 7(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC to present, in addition to the identity documents referred to in point (i) of this paragraph, the following supporting documents as referred to in Article 8(5) or 10(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC:

(i) a document attesting to the existence of a family relationship or registered partnership;

(ii) the registration certificate or, in the absence of a registration system, any other proof that the Union citizen or the United Kingdom national with whom they reside actually resides in the host State;

(iii) for direct descendants who are under the age of 21 or who are dependants and dependent direct relatives in the ascending line, and for those of the spouse or registered partner, documentary evidence that the conditions set out in point (c) or (d) of Article 2(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC are fulfilled;

(iv) for the persons referred to in Article 10(2) or (3) of this Agreement, a document issued by the relevant authority in the host State in accordance with Article 3(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC.

With regard to the condition of sufficient resources as concerns family members who are themselves Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals, Article 8(4) of Directive 2004/38/EC shall apply;

(m) the host State may only require family members who fall under point (e)(ii) of Article 10(1) or Article 10(4) of this Agreement to present, in addition to the identity documents referred to in point (i) of this paragraph, the following supporting documents as referred to in Articles 8(5) and 10(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC:

(i) a document attesting to the existence of a family relationship or of a registered partnership;

(ii) the registration certificate or, in the absence of a registration system, any other proof of residence in the host State of the Union citizen or of the United Kingdom nationals whom they are joining in the host State;

(iii) for spouses or registered partners, a document attesting to the existence of a family relationship or a registered partnership before the end of the transition period;

(iv) for direct descendants who are under the age of 21 or who are dependants and dependent direct relatives in the ascending line and those of the spouse or registered partner, documentary evidence that they were related to Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals before the end of the transition period and fulfil the conditions set out in point (c) or (d) of Article 2(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC relating to age or dependence;

(v) for the persons referred to in Article 10(4) of this Agreement, proof that a durable relationship with Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals existed before the end of the transition period and continues to exist thereafter;

(n) for cases other than those set out in points (k), (l) and (m), the host State shall not require applicants to present supporting documents that go beyond what is strictly necessary and proportionate to provide evidence that the conditions relating to the right of residence under this Title have been fulfilled;

(o) the competent authorities of the host State shall help the applicants to prove their eligibility and to avoid any errors or omissions in their applications; they shall give the applicants the opportunity to furnish supplementary evidence and to correct any deficiencies, errors or omissions;

(p) criminality and security checks may be carried out systematically on applicants, with the exclusive aim of verifying whether the restrictions set out in Article 20 of this Agreement may be applicable. For that purpose, applicants may be required to declare past criminal convictions which appear in their criminal record in accordance with the law of the State of conviction at the time of the application. The host State may, if it considers this essential, apply the procedure set out in Article 27(3) of Directive 2004/38/EC with respect to enquiries to other States regarding previous criminal records;

(q) the new residence document shall include a statement that it has been issued in accordance with this Agreement;

(r) the applicant shall have access to judicial and, where appropriate, administrative redress procedures in the host State against any decision refusing to grant the residence status. The redress procedures shall allow for an examination of the legality of the decision, as well as of the facts and circumstances on which the proposed decision is based. Such redress procedures shall ensure that the decision is not disproportionate.

2. During the period referred to in point (b) of paragraph 1 of this Article and its possible one‐year extension under point (c) of that paragraph, all rights provided for in this Part shall be deemed to apply to Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals, their respective family members, and other persons residing in the host State, in accordance with the conditions and subject to the restrictions set out in Article 20.

3. Pending a final decision by the competent authorities on any application referred to in paragraph 1, and pending a final judgment handed down in case of judicial redress sought against any rejection of such application by the competent administrative authorities, all rights provided for in this Part shall be deemed to apply to the applicant, including Article 21 on safeguards and right of appeal, subject to the conditions set out in Article 20(4).

4. Where a host State has chosen not to require Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals, their family members, and other persons, residing in its territory in accordance with the conditions set out in this Title, to apply for the new residence status referred to in paragraph 1 as a condition for legal residence, those eligible for residence rights under this Title shall have the right to receive, in accordance with the conditions set out in Directive 2004/38/EC, a residence document, which may be in a digital form, that includes a statement that it has been issued in accordance with this Agreement.

ARTICLE 19 — Issuance of residence documents during the transition period
1. During the transition period, a host State may allow applications for a residence status or residence document as referred to in Article 18(1) and (4) to be made voluntarily from the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

2. Decisions to accept or refuse such applications shall be taken in accordance with Article 18(1) and (4). Decisions under Article 18(1) shall have no effect until after the end of the transition period.

3. If an application under Article 18(1) is accepted before the end of the transition period, the host State may not withdraw the decision granting the residence status before the end of the transition period on any grounds other than those set out in Chapter VI and Article 35 of Directive 2004/38/EC.

4. If an application is refused before the end of the transition period, the applicant may apply again at any time before the expiry of the period set out in point (b) of Article 18(1).

5. Without prejudice to paragraph 4, the redress procedures under point (r) of Article 18(1) shall be available from the date of any decision to refuse an application referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article.

ARTICLE 20 — Restrictions of the rights of residence and entry
1. The conduct of Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals, their family members, and other persons, who exercise rights under this Title, where that conduct occurred before the end of the transition period, shall be considered in accordance with Chapter VI of Directive 2004/38/EC.

2. The conduct of Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals, their family members, and other persons, who exercise rights under this Title, where that conduct occurred after the end of the transition period, may constitute grounds for restricting the right of residence by the host State or the right of entry in the State of work in accordance with national legislation.

3. The host State or the State of work may adopt the necessary measures to refuse, terminate or withdraw any right conferred by this Title in the case of the abuse of those rights or fraud, as set out in Article 35 of Directive 2004/38/EC. Such measures shall be subject to the procedural safeguards provided for in Article 21 of this Agreement.

4. The host State or the State of work may remove applicants who submitted fraudulent or abusive applications from its territory under the conditions set out in Directive 2004/38/EC, in particular Articles 31 and 35 thereof, even before a final judgment has been handed down in the case of judicial redress sought against any rejection of such an application.

ARTICLE 21 — Safeguards and right of appeal
The safeguards set out in Article 15 and Chapter VI of Directive 2004/38/EC shall apply in respect of any decision by the host State that restricts residence rights of the persons referred to in Article 10 of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 22 — Related rights
In accordance with Article 23 of Directive 2004/38/EC, irrespective of nationality, the family members of a Union citizen or United Kingdom national who have the right of residence or the right of permanent residence in the host State or the State of work shall be entitled to take up employment or self-employment there.

ARTICLE 23 — Equal treatment
1. In accordance with Article 24 of Directive 2004/38/EC, subject to the specific provisions provided for in this Title and Titles I and IV of this Part, all Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals residing on the basis of this Agreement in the territory of the host State shall enjoy equal treatment with the nationals of that State within the scope of this Part. The benefit of this right shall be extended to those family members of Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals who have the right of residence or permanent residence.

2. By way of derogation from paragraph 1, the host State shall not be obliged to confer entitlement to social assistance during periods of residence on the basis of Article 6 or point (b) of Article 14(4) of Directive 2004/38/EC, nor shall it be obliged, prior to a person's acquisition of the right of permanent residence in accordance with Article 15 of this Agreement, to grant maintenance aid for studies, including vocational training, consisting in student grants or student loans to persons other than workers, self-employed persons, persons who retain such status or to members of their families.

ARTICLE 24 — Rights of workers
1. Subject to the limitations set out in Article 45(3) and (4) TFEU, workers in the host State and frontier workers in the State or States of work shall enjoy the rights guaranteed by Article 45 TFEU and the rights granted by Regulation (EU) No 492/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council. These rights include:

(a) the right not to be discriminated against on grounds of nationality as regards employment, remuneration and other conditions of work and employment;

(b) the right to take up and pursue an activity in accordance with the rules applicable to the nationals of the host State or the State of work;

(c) the right to assistance afforded by the employment offices of the host State or the State of work as offered to own nationals;

(d) the right to equal treatment in respect of conditions of employment and work, in particular as regards remuneration, dismissal and in case of unemployment, reinstatement or re‐employment;

(e) the right to social and tax advantages;

(f) collective rights;

(g) the rights and benefits accorded to national workers in matters of housing;

(h) the right for their children to be admitted to the general educational, apprenticeship and vocational training courses under the same conditions as the nationals of the host State or the State of work, if such children are residing in the territory where the worker works.

2. Where a direct descendant of a worker who has ceased to reside in the host State is in education in that State, the primary carer for that descendant shall have the right to reside in that State until the descendant reaches the age of majority, and after the age of majority if that descendant continues to need the presence and care of the primary carer in order to pursue and complete his or her education.

3. Employed frontier workers shall enjoy the right to enter and exit the State of work in accordance with Article 14 of this Agreement and shall retain the rights they enjoyed as workers there, provided they are in one of the circumstances set out in points (a), (b), (c) and (d) of Article 7(3) of Directive 2004/38/EC, even where they do not move their residence to the State of work.

ARTICLE 25 — Rights of self-employed persons
1. Subject to the limitations set out in Articles 51 and 52 TFEU, self-employed persons in the host State and self-employed frontier workers in the State or States of work shall enjoy the rights guaranteed by Articles 49 and 55 TFEU. These rights include:

(a) the right to take up and pursue activities as self-employed persons and to set up and manage undertakings under the conditions laid down by the host State for its own nationals, as set out in Article 49 TFEU;

(b) the rights as set out in points (c) to (h) of Article 24(1) of this Agreement.

2. Article 24(2) shall apply to direct descendants of self-employed workers.

3. Article 24(3) shall apply to self-employed frontier workers.

ARTICLE 26 — Issuance of a document identifying frontier workers' rights
The State of work may require Union citizens and United Kingdom nationals who have rights as frontier workers under this Title to apply for a document certifying that they have such rights under this Title. Such Union citizens and United Kingdom nationals shall have the right to be issued with such a document.

ARTICLE 27 — Recognised professional qualifications
1. The recognition, before the end of the transition period, of professional qualifications, as defined in point (b) of Article 3(1) of Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, of Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals, and their family members, by their host State or their State of work shall maintain its effects in the respective State, including the right to pursue their profession under the same conditions as its nationals, where such recognition was made in accordance with any of the following provisions:

(a) Title III of Directive 2005/36/EC in respect of the recognition of professional qualifications in the context of the exercise of the freedom of establishment, whether such recognition fell under the general system for the recognition of evidence of training, the system for the recognition of professional experience or the system for the recognition on the basis of coordination of minimum training conditions;

(b) Article 10(1) and (3) of Directive 98/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council in respect of gaining admission to the profession of lawyer in the host State or State of work;

(c) Article 14 of Directive 2006/43/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council in respect of the approval of statutory auditors from another Member State;

(d) Council Directive 74/556/EEC in respect of the acceptance of evidence of the knowledge and ability necessary to take up or pursue the activities of self-employed persons and of intermediaries engaging in the trade and distribution of toxic products or activities involving the professional use of toxic products.

2. Recognitions of professional qualifications for the purposes of point (a) of paragraph 1 of this Article shall include:

(a) recognitions of professional qualifications which have benefited from Article 3(3) of Directive 2005/36/EC;

(b) decisions granting partial access to a professional activity in accordance with Article 4f of Directive 2005/36/EC;

(c) recognitions of professional qualifications for establishment purposes made under Article 4d of Directive 2005/36/EC.

ARTICLE 28 — Ongoing procedures on the recognition of professional qualifications
Article 4, Article 4d in respect of recognitions of professional qualifications for establishment purposes, Article 4f and Title III of Directive 2005/36/EC, Article 10(1), (3) and (4) of Directive 98/5/EC, Article 14 of Directive 2006/43/EC and Directive 74/556/EEC shall apply in respect of the examination by a competent authority of the host State or State of work of any application for the recognition of professional qualifications introduced before the end of the transition period by Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals and in respect of the decision on any such application.

Articles 4a, 4b and 4e of Directive 2005/36/EC shall also apply to the extent relevant for the completion of the procedures for the recognitions of professional qualifications for establishment purposes under Article 4d of that Directive.

ARTICLE 29 — Administrative cooperation on recognition of professional qualifications
1. With regard to the pending applications referred to in Article 28, the United Kingdom and the Member States shall cooperate in order to facilitate the application of Article 28. Cooperation may include the exchange of information, including information on disciplinary action or criminal sanctions taken or any other serious and specific circumstances which are likely to have consequences for the pursuit of the activities falling under the Directives referred to in Article 28.

2. By way of derogation from Article 8, for a period not exceeding 9 months from the end of the transition period, the United Kingdom shall be entitled to use the internal market information system in respect of applications referred to in Article 28 insofar as they concern procedures for the recognition of professional qualifications for establishment purposes under Article 4d of Directive 2005/36/EC.

ARTICLE 30 — Persons covered
1. This Title shall apply to the following persons:

(a) Union citizens who are subject to the legislation of the United Kingdom at the end of the transition period, as well as their family members and survivors;

(b) United Kingdom nationals who are subject to the legislation of a Member State at the end of the transition period, as well as their family members and survivors;

(c) Union citizens who reside in the United Kingdom and are subject to the legislation of a Member State at the end of the transition period, as well as their family members and survivors;

(d) United Kingdom nationals who reside in a Member State, and are subject to the legislation of the United Kingdom at the end of the transition period, as well as their family members and survivors;

(e) persons who do not fall within points (a) to (d) but are:

(i) Union citizens who pursue an activity as an employed or self-employed person in the United Kingdom at the end of the transition period, and who, based on Title II of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council, are subject to the legislation of a Member State, as well as their family members and survivors; or

(ii) United Kingdom nationals who pursue an activity as an employed or self-employed person in one or more Member States at the end of the transition period, and who, based on Title II of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004, are subject to the legislation of the United Kingdom, as well as their family members and survivors;

(f) stateless persons and refugees, residing in a Member State or in the United Kingdom, who are in one of the situations described in points (a) to (e), as well as their family members and survivors;

(g) nationals of third countries, as well as members of their families and survivors, who are in one of the situations described in points (a) to (e), provided that they fulfil the conditions of Council Regulation (EC) No 859/2003.

2. The persons referred to in paragraph 1 shall be covered for as long as they continue without interruption to be in one of the situations set out in that paragraph involving both a Member State and the United Kingdom at the same time.

3. This Title shall also apply to persons who do not, or who no longer, fall within points (a) to (e) of paragraph 1 of this Article but who fall within Article 10 of this Agreement, as well as their family members and survivors.

4. The persons referred to in paragraph 3 shall be covered for as long as they continue to have a right to reside in the host State under Article 13 of this Agreement, or a right to work in their State of work under Article 24 or 25 of this Agreement.

5. Where this Article refers to family members and survivors, those persons shall be covered by this Title only to the extent that they derive rights and obligations in that capacity under Regulation (EC) No 883/2004.

ARTICLE 31 — Social security coordination rules
1. The rules and objectives set out in Article 48 TFEU, Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 and Regulation (EC) No 987/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply to the persons covered by this Title.

The Union and the United Kingdom shall take due account of the Decisions and Recommendations of the Administrative Commission for the Coordination of Social Security Systems attached to the European Commission, set up under Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 (&#34;Administrative Commission&#34;) listed in Part I of Annex I to this Agreement.

2. By way of derogation from Article 9 of this Agreement, for the purposes of this Title, the definitions in Article 1 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 shall apply.

3. With regard to nationals of third countries who fulfil the conditions of Regulation (EC) No 859/2003, as well as their family members or survivors within the scope of this Title, the references to Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 and Regulation (EC) No 987/2009 in this Title shall be understood as references to Council Regulation (EEC) No 1408/71 and Council Regulation (EEC) No 574/72 respectively. References to specific provisions of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 and Regulation (EC) No 987/2009 shall be understood as references to the corresponding provisions of Regulation (EEC) No 1408/71 and Regulation (EEC) No 574/72.

ARTICLE 32 — Special situations covered
1. The following rules shall apply in the following situations to the extent set out in this Article, insofar as they relate to persons not or no longer covered by Article 30:

(a) the following persons shall be covered by this Title for the purposes of reliance on and aggregation of periods of insurance, employment, self-employment or residence, including rights and obligations deriving from such periods in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 883/2004:

(i) Union citizens, as well as stateless persons and refugees residing in a Member State and nationals of third countries who fulfil the conditions of Regulation (EC) No 859/2003, who have been subject to the legislation of the United Kingdom before the end of the transition period, as well as their family members and survivors;

(ii) United Kingdom nationals, as well as stateless persons and refugees residing in the United Kingdom and nationals of third countries who fulfil the conditions of Regulation (EC) No 859/2003, who have been subject to the legislation of a Member State before the end of the transition period, as well as their family members and survivors;

for the purposes of the aggregation of periods, periods completed both before and after the end of the transition period shall be taken into account in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 883/2004;

(b) the rules set out in Articles 20 and 27 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 shall continue to apply to persons who, before the end of the transition period, had requested authorisation to receive a course of planned health care treatment pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 883/2004, until the end of the treatment. The corresponding reimbursement procedures shall also apply even after the treatment ends. Such persons and the accompanying persons shall enjoy the right to enter and exit the State of treatment in accordance with Article 14, mutatis mutandis;

(c) the rules set out in Articles 19 and 27 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 shall continue to apply to persons who are covered by Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 and who are on a stay at the end of the transition period in a Member State or the United Kingdom, until the end of their stay. The corresponding reimbursement procedures shall also apply even after the stay or treatment ends;

(d) the rules set out in Articles 67, 68 and 69 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 shall continue to apply, for as long as the conditions are fulfilled, to awards of family benefits to which there is entitlement at the end of the transition period for the following persons:

(i) Union citizens, stateless persons and refugees residing in a Member State as well as nationals of third countries who fulfil the conditions of Regulation (EC) No 859/2003 and reside in a Member State, who are subject to the legislation of a Member State and have family members residing in the United Kingdom at the end of the transition period;

(ii) United Kingdom nationals, as well as stateless persons and refugees residing in the United Kingdom and nationals of third countries who fulfil the conditions of Regulation (EC) No 859/2003 and reside in the United Kingdom, who are subject to the legislation of the United Kingdom and have family members residing in a Member State at the end of the transition period;

(e) in the situations set out in point (d)(i) and (ii) of this paragraph, for any persons who have rights as family members at the end of the transition period under Regulation (EC) No 883/2004, such as derived rights for sickness benefits in kind, that Regulation and the corresponding provisions of Regulation (EC) No 987/2009 shall continue to apply for as long as the conditions provided therein are fulfilled.

2. The provisions of Chapter 1 of Title III of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 as regards sickness benefits shall apply to persons receiving benefits under point (a) of paragraph 1 of this Article.

This paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis as regards family benefits based on Articles 67, 68 and 69 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004.

ARTICLE 33 — Nationals of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland
1. The provisions of this Title applicable to Union citizens shall apply to nationals of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway, and the Swiss Confederation provided that:

(a) Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway, and the Swiss Confederation, as applicable, have concluded and apply corresponding agreements with the United Kingdom which apply to Union citizens; and

(b) Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway, and the Swiss Confederation, as applicable, have concluded and apply corresponding agreements with the Union which apply to United Kingdom nationals.

2. Upon notification from the United Kingdom and from the Union of the date of entry into force of the agreements referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, the Joint Committee established by Article 164 (&#34;Joint Committee&#34;) shall set the date from which the provisions of this Title shall apply to the nationals of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway, and the Swiss Confederation, as applicable.

ARTICLE 34 — Administrative cooperation
1. By way of derogation from Articles 7 and 128(1), as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the United Kingdom shall have the status of observer in the Administrative Commission. It may, where the items on the agenda relating to this Title concern the United Kingdom, send a representative, to be present in an advisory capacity, to the meetings of the Administrative Commission and to the meetings of the bodies referred to in Articles 73 and 74 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 where such items are discussed.

2. By way of derogation from Article 8, the United Kingdom shall take part in the Electronic Exchange of Social Security Information (EESSI) and bear the related costs.

ARTICLE 35 — Reimbursement, recovery and offsetting
The provisions of Regulations (EC) No 883/2004 and (EC) No 987/2009 on reimbursement, recovery and offsetting shall continue to apply in relation to events, insofar as they relate to persons not covered by Article 30, that:

(a) occurred before the end of the transition period; or

(b) occur after the end of the transition period and relate to persons who were covered by Articles 30 or 32 when the event occurred.

ARTICLE 36 — Development of law and adaptations of Union acts
1. Where Regulations (EC) No 883/2004 and (EC) No 987/2009 are amended or replaced after the end of the transition period, references to those Regulations in this Agreement shall be understood as referring to those Regulations as amended or replaced, in accordance with the acts listed in Part II of Annex I to this Agreement.

The Joint Committee shall revise Part II of Annex I to this Agreement and align it to any act amending or replacing Regulations (EC) No 883/2004 and (EC) No 987/2009 as soon as such act is adopted by the Union. To that end, the Union shall, as soon as possible after adoption, inform the United Kingdom within the Joint Committee of any act amending or replacing those Regulations.

2. By way of derogation from the second subparagraph of paragraph 1, the Joint Committee shall assess the effects of an act amending or replacing Regulations (EC) No 883/2004 and (EC) No 987/2009 where that act:

(a) amends or replaces the matters covered by Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004; or

(b) makes a cash benefit exportable where that cash benefit was non-exportable under Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 at the end of the transition period, or makes a cash benefit non-exportable, where that cash benefit was exportable at the end of the transition period; or

(c) makes a cash benefit exportable for an unlimited period of time, where that cash benefit was exportable only for a limited period of time under Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 at the end of the transition period, or makes a cash benefit exportable only for a limited period of time, where that cash benefit was exportable for an unlimited period of time under that Regulation at the end of the transition period.

In making its assessment, the Joint Committee shall consider in good faith the scale of the changes referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph, as well as the importance of the continued good functioning of Regulations (EC) No 883/2004 and (EC) No 987/2009 between the Union and the United Kingdom and the importance of there being a competent State in relation to individuals within the scope of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004.

If the Joint Committee so decides within 6 months from receiving the information given by the Union pursuant to paragraph 1, Part II of Annex I to this Agreement shall not be aligned to the act referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph.

For the purposes of this paragraph:

(a) &#34;exportable&#34; means payable under Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 to or in relation to a person residing in a Member State or in the United Kingdom if the institution responsible for providing the benefit is not situated there; &#34;non-exportable&#34; shall be interpreted accordingly; and

(b) &#34;exportable for an unlimited period of time&#34; means exportable for as long as the conditions giving rise to the entitlements are met.

3. Regulations (EC) No 883/2004 and (EC) No 987/2009 shall, for the purposes of this Agreement, be understood as comprising the adaptations listed in Part III of Annex I to this Agreement. As soon as possible after the adoption of any changes in domestic provisions of relevance to Part III of Annex I to this Agreement, the United Kingdom shall inform the Union thereof within the Joint Committee.

4. The Decisions and Recommendations of the Administrative Commission shall, for the purposes of this Agreement, be understood as comprising the decisions and recommendations listed in Part I of Annex I. The Joint Committee shall amend Part I of Annex I to reflect any new Decision or Recommendation adopted by the Administrative Commission. To that end, as soon as possible after adoption of decisions and recommendations of the Administrative Commission, the Union shall inform the United Kingdom thereof within the Joint Committee. Such amendments shall be made by the Joint Committee on a proposal of the Union or the United Kingdom.

ARTICLE 37 — Publicity
The Member States and the United Kingdom shall disseminate information concerning the rights and obligations of persons covered by this Part, in particular by means of awareness-raising campaigns conducted, as appropriate, through national and local media and other means of communication.

ARTICLE 38 — More favourable provisions
1. This Part shall not affect any laws, regulations or administrative provisions applicable in a host State or a State of work which would be more favourable to the persons concerned. This paragraph shall not apply to Title III.

2. Article 12 and Article 23(1) shall be without prejudice to the Common Travel Area arrangements between the United Kingdom and Ireland as regards more favourable treatment which may result from these arrangements for the persons concerned.

ARTICLE 39 — Life-long protection
The persons covered by this Part shall enjoy the rights provided for in the relevant Titles of this Part for their lifetime, unless they cease to meet the conditions set out in those Titles.

=PART THREE — SEPARATION PROVISIONS=

ARTICLE 40 — Definitions
For the purposes of this Title, the following definitions shall apply:

(a) &#34;making available on the market&#34; means any supply of a good for distribution, consumption or use on the market in the course of a commercial activity, whether in return for payment or free of charge;

(b) &#34;placing on the market&#34; means the first making available of a good on the market in the Union or the United Kingdom;

(c) &#34;supply of a good for distribution, consumption or use&#34; means that an existing and individually identifiable good, after the stage of manufacturing has taken place, is the subject matter of a written or verbal agreement between two or more legal or natural persons for the transfer of ownership, any other property right, or possession concerning the good in question, or is the subject matter of an offer to a legal or natural person or persons to conclude such an agreement;

(d) &#34;putting into service&#34; means the first use of a good within the Union or the United Kingdom by the end user for the purposes for which it was intended or, in the case of marine equipment, placing on board;

(e) &#34;market surveillance&#34; means the activities carried out and measures taken by market surveillance authorities to ensure that goods comply with the applicable requirements and do not endanger health, safety or any other aspect of public interest protection;

(f) &#34;market surveillance authority&#34; means an authority of a Member State or of the United Kingdom responsible for carrying out market surveillance on its territory;

(g) &#34;conditions for the marketing of goods&#34; means requirements concerning the characteristics of goods such as levels of quality, performance, safety or dimensions, including on the composition of such goods or on the terminology, symbols, testing and testing methods, packaging, marking, labelling, and conformity assessment procedures used in relation to such goods; the term also covers requirements concerning production methods and processes, where these have an effect on product characteristics;

(h) &#34;conformity assessment body&#34; means a body that performs conformity assessment activities including calibration, testing, certification and inspection;

(i) &#34;notified body&#34; means a conformity assessment body authorised to carry out third-party conformity assessment tasks under Union law harmonising the conditions for the marketing of goods;

(j) &#34;animal products&#34; means products of animal origin, animal by-products and derived products, as referred to in points (29), (30) and (31) of Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council, respectively, feed of animal origin, and food and feed containing products of animal origin.

ARTICLE 41 — Continued circulation of goods placed on the market
1. Any good that was lawfully placed on the market in the Union or the United Kingdom before the end of the transition period may:

(a) be further made available on the market of the Union or of the United Kingdom and circulate between these two markets until it reaches its end-user;

(b) where provided in the applicable provisions of Union law, be put into service in the Union or in the United Kingdom.

2. The requirements set out in Articles 34 and 35 TFEU and the relevant Union law governing the marketing of goods, including the conditions for the marketing of goods, applicable to the goods concerned shall apply in respect of the goods referred to in paragraph 1.

3. Paragraph 1 shall apply to all existing and individually identifiable goods within the meaning of Title II of Part Three of the TFEU, with the exception of the circulation between the Union market and the United Kingdom's market or vice-versa of:

(a) live animals and germinal products;

(b) animal products.

4. In respect of a movement of live animals or of germinal products between a Member State and the United Kingdom, or vice-versa, the provisions of Union law listed in Annex II shall apply, provided that the date of departure was before the end of the transition period.

5. This Article shall be without prejudice to the possibility for the United Kingdom, a Member State or the Union to take measures to prohibit or restrict the making available on its market of a good referred to in paragraph 1, or a category of such goods, where and to the extent permitted by Union law.

6. The provisions of this Title shall be without prejudice to any applicable rules on modalities of sale, intellectual property, customs procedures, tariffs and taxes.

ARTICLE 42 — Proof of placing on the market
Where an economic operator relies on Article 41(1) with respect to a specific good, that operator shall bear the burden of proof of demonstrating, on the basis of any relevant document, that the good was placed on the market in the Union or the United Kingdom before the end of the transition period.

ARTICLE 43 — Market surveillance
1. The market surveillance authorities of the Member States and the market surveillance authorities of the United Kingdom shall exchange without delay any relevant information collected with regard to the goods referred to in Article 41(1) in the context of their respective market surveillance activities. They shall, in particular, communicate to each other and to the European Commission any information relating to those goods presenting a serious risk, as well as any measures taken in relation to non-compliant goods, including relevant information drawn from networks, information systems and databases established under Union or United Kingdom law in relation to those goods.

2. The Member States and the United Kingdom shall transmit without delay any request from the market surveillance authorities of the United Kingdom or of a Member State, respectively, to a conformity assessment body established in their territory, where that request concerns a conformity assessment carried out by that body in its capacity as notified body before the end of the transition period. Member States and the United Kingdom shall ensure that any such request is promptly addressed by the conformity assessment body.

ARTICLE 44 — Transfer of files and documents relating to ongoing procedures
The United Kingdom shall transfer without delay to the competent authority of a Member State designated in accordance with the procedures provided for in the applicable Union law all relevant files or documents in relation to assessments, approvals and authorisations ongoing on the day before the date of entry into force of this Agreement and led by a United Kingdom competent authority in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 528/2012, Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 , Directive 2001/83/EC and Directive 2001/82/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.

ARTICLE 45 — Making available of information in relation to past authorisation procedures for medicinal products
1. The United Kingdom shall, upon a reasoned request from a Member State or the European Medicines Agency, make available without delay the marketing authorisation dossier of a medicinal product authorised by a competent authority of the United Kingdom before the end of the transition period, where that dossier is necessary for the assessment of a marketing authorisation application in accordance with Articles 10 and 10a of Directive 2001/83/EC or Articles 13 and 13a of Directive 2001/82/EC.

2. A Member State shall, upon a reasoned request from the United Kingdom, make available without delay the marketing authorisation dossier of a medicinal product authorised by a competent authority of that Member State before the end of the transition period, where that dossier is necessary for the assessment of a marketing authorisation application in the United Kingdom in accordance with the United Kingdom's legislative requirements, to the extent that those legislative requirements replicate the circumstances of Articles 10 and 10a of Directive 2001/83/EC or Articles 13 and 13a of Directive 2001/82/EC.

ARTICLE 46 — Making available of information held by notified bodies established in the United Kingdom or in a Member State
1. The United Kingdom shall ensure that information held by a conformity assessment body established in the United Kingdom in relation to its activities as a notified body under Union law before the end of the transition period is made available at the request of the certificate holder, without delay, to a notified body established in a Member State as indicated by the certificate holder.

2. Member States shall ensure that information held by a notified body established in the Member State concerned in relation to its activities before the end of the transition period is made available at the request of the certificate holder, without delay, to a conformity assessment body established in the United Kingdom as indicated by the certificate holder.

ARTICLE 47 — Union status of goods
1. Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply in respect of Union goods referred to in point (23) of Article 5 of that Regulation, where such goods move from the customs territory of the United Kingdom to the customs territory of the Union, or vice versa, provided that the movement started before the end of the transition period and ended thereafter. A movement of goods which has started before the end of the transition period and ends thereafter shall be treated as an intra-Union movement regarding importation and exportation licencing requirements in Union law.

2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the presumption of the customs status of Union goods as referred to in Article 153(1) of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 shall not apply. The customs status of those goods as Union goods, as well as the fact that the movement referred to in paragraph 1 started before the end of the transition period, shall need to be proven for every movement by the person concerned by any of the means referred to in Article 199 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447. The proof of the start of the movement shall be provided by means of a transport document relating to the goods.

3. Paragraph 2 shall not apply in respect of Union goods that are carried by air and have been loaded or transhipped at an airport in the customs territory of the United Kingdom for consignment to the customs territory of the Union or have been loaded or transhipped at an airport in the customs territory of the Union for consignment to the customs territory of the United Kingdom, where such goods are carried under cover of a single transport document issued in either of the customs territories concerned, provided that the movement by air started before the end of the transition period and the movement ended thereafter.

4. Paragraph 2 shall not apply in respect of Union goods that are carried by sea and have been shipped between ports in the customs territory of the United Kingdom and ports in the customs territory of the Union by a regular shipping service, as referred to in Article 120 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446, provided that:

(a) the voyage comprising the ports in the customs territory of the United Kingdom and ports in the customs territory of the Union started before the end of the transition period and ended thereafter; and

(b) the regular shipping service vessel called at one or several ports in the customs territory of the United Kingdom or in the customs territory of the Union before the end of the transition period.

5. When during the voyage referred to in point (a) of paragraph 4 the regular shipping service vessel calls at one or several ports in the customs territory of the United Kingdom after the end of the transition period:

(a) for goods loaded before the end of the transition period and unloaded in those ports, the customs status of Union goods shall not be altered;

(b) for goods loaded in ports called after the end of the transition period, the customs status of Union goods shall not be altered provided that it is proven in accordance with paragraph 2.

ARTICLE 48 — Entry summary declaration and pre-departure declaration
1. Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 shall apply in respect of entry summary declarations that were lodged at a customs office of first entry in accordance with Chapter I of Title IV of that Regulation before the end of the transition period, and those declarations shall produce the same legal effects in the customs territory of the Union and the customs territory of the United Kingdom after the end of the transition period.

2. Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 shall apply in respect of pre-departure declarations that were lodged in accordance with Chapter I of Title VIII of that Regulation before the end of the transition period and, where applicable, where the goods were released in accordance with Article 194 of that Regulation before the end of the transition period. Those declarations shall produce the same legal effects in the customs territory of the Union and the customs territory of the United Kingdom after the end of the transition period.

ARTICLE 49 — Ending of temporary storage or customs procedures
1. Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 shall apply in respect of non-Union goods that were in temporary storage referred to in point (17) of Article 5 of that Regulation at the end of the transition period and in respect of goods that were under any of the customs procedures referred to in point (16) of Article 5 of that Regulation in the customs territory of the United Kingdom at the end of the transition period, until such temporary storage is ended, until one of the special customs procedures is discharged, until the goods are released for free circulation, or until the goods are taken out of the territory, provided that such event occurs after the end of the transition period but not later than within the corresponding time limit referred to in Annex III.

However, points (b) and (c) of Article 148(5) and Article 219 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 shall not apply in respect of movements of goods between the customs territory of the United Kingdom and the customs territory of the Union which end after the end of the transition period.

2. Regulation (EU) No 952/2013, Council Decision 2014/335/EU, Euratom, Council Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 608/2014 and Council Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 609/2014 shall apply in respect of any customs debt arising after the end of the transition period from the end of temporary storage or discharge referred to in paragraph 1.

3. Section 1 of Chapter 1 of Title II of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447 shall apply in respect of requests to benefit from tariff quotas which have been accepted by the customs authorities in the customs territory of the United Kingdom and where the required supporting documents have been provided in accordance with Article 50 of that Regulation by the customs authorities in the customs territory of the United Kingdom before the end of the transition period, and shall apply in respect of the cancellation of requests and returns of unused allocated quantities of such requests.

ARTICLE 50 — Access to relevant networks, information systems and databases
By way of derogation from Article 8, the United Kingdom shall have access, to the extent strictly necessary to comply with its obligations under this Title, to the networks, information systems and databases listed in Annex IV. The United Kingdom shall reimburse the Union for the actual costs incurred by the Union as a consequence of facilitating that access. The Union shall communicate to the United Kingdom the amount of those costs by 31 March of each year until the end of the period referred to in Annex IV. In the event that the communicated amount of the actual costs incurred considerably diverges from the best estimates amount that was communicated by the Union to the United Kingdom before the signature of this Agreement, the United Kingdom shall pay without delay to the Union the best estimates amount and the Joint Committee shall determine the manner in which the difference between the actual costs incurred and the best estimates amount is to be addressed.

ARTICLE 51 — Value added tax (VAT)
1. Council Directive 2006/112/EC shall apply in respect of goods dispatched or transported from the territory of the United Kingdom to the territory of a Member State, and vice versa, provided that the dispatch or transport started before the end of the transition period and ended thereafter.

2. Directive 2006/112/EC shall continue to apply until 5 years after the end of the transition period with regard to the taxable person's rights and obligations in relation to transactions with a cross-border element between the United Kingdom and a Member State that took place before the end of the transition period and with regard to transactions covered by paragraph 1.

3. By way of derogation from paragraph 2 and from Article 15 of Council Directive 2008/9/EC, refund applications that relate to VAT which was paid in a Member State by a taxable person established in the United Kingdom, or which was paid in the United Kingdom by a taxable person established in a Member State, shall be submitted under the conditions of that Directive at the latest on 31 March 2021.

4. By way of derogation from paragraph 2 and from Article 61(2) of Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 282/2011, amendments to VAT returns that were submitted in accordance with Article 364 or Article 369f of Directive 2006/112/EC either in the United Kingdom with regard to services supplied in Member States of consumption before the end of the transition period, or in a Member State with regard to services supplied in the United Kingdom before the end of the transition period, shall be submitted at the latest on 31 December 2021.

ARTICLE 52 — Excise goods
Council Directive 2008/118/EC shall apply in respect of movements of excise goods under a duty suspension arrangement and in respect of movements of excise goods after release for consumption from the territory of the United Kingdom to the territory of a Member State, or vice versa, provided that the movement started before the end of the transition period and ended thereafter.

ARTICLE 53 — Access to relevant networks, information systems and databases
By way of derogation from Article 8, the United Kingdom shall have access, to the extent strictly necessary to comply with its obligations under this Title, to the networks, information systems and databases listed in Annex IV. The United Kingdom shall reimburse the Union for the actual costs incurred by the Union as a consequence of facilitating that access. The Union shall communicate to the United Kingdom the amount of those costs by 31 March of each year until the end of the period referred to in Annex IV. In the event that the communicated amount of the actual costs incurred considerably diverges from the best estimates amount that was communicated by the Union to the United Kingdom before the signature of this Agreement, the United Kingdom shall pay without delay to the Union the best estimates amount and the Joint Committee shall determine the manner in which the difference between the actual costs incurred and the best estimates amount is to be addressed.

ARTICLE 54 — Continued protection in the United Kingdom of registered or granted rights
1. The holder of any of the following intellectual property rights which have been registered or granted before the end of the transition period shall, without any re-examination, become the holder of a comparable registered and enforceable intellectual property right in the United Kingdom under the law of the United Kingdom:

(a) the holder of a European Union trade mark registered in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 of the European Parliament and of the Council shall become the holder of a trade mark in the United Kingdom, consisting of the same sign, for the same goods or services;

(b) the holder of a Community design registered and, where applicable, published following a deferral of publication in accordance with Council Regulation (EC) No 6/2002 shall become the holder of a registered design right in the United Kingdom for the same design;

(c) the holder of a Community plant variety right granted pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 2100/94 shall become the holder of a plant variety right in the United Kingdom for the same plant variety.

2. Where a geographical indication, designation of origin or traditional speciality guaranteed within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council, a geographical indication, designation of origin or traditional term for wine within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council , a geographical indication within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 110/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council or a geographical indication within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 251/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council , is protected in the Union on the last day of the transition period by virtue of those Regulations, those persons who are entitled to use the geographical indication, the designation of origin, the traditional speciality guaranteed or the traditional term for wine concerned shall be entitled, as from the end of the transition period, without any re-examination, to use the geographical indication, the designation of origin, the traditional speciality guaranteed or the traditional term for wine concerned in the United Kingdom, which shall be granted at least the same level of protection under the law of the United Kingdom as under the following provisions of Union law:

(a) points (i), (j) and (k) of Article 4(1) of Directive (EU) 2015/2436 of the European Parliament and of the Council ; and

(b) in view of the geographical indication, designation of origin, traditional speciality guaranteed or traditional term for wine concerned, Article 13, Article 14(1), Article 24, Article 36(3), Articles 38 and 44 and point (b) of Article 45(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012; Article 90(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1306/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council ; Article 100(3), Article 102(1), Articles 103 and 113, and point (c)(x) of Article 157(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013; Article 62(3) and (4) of Commission Regulation (EC) No 607/2009 ; the first subparagraph of Article 15(3), Article 16 and Article 23(1) of Regulation (EC) No 110/2008 and, insofar as to the extent related to compliance with those provisions of that Regulation, Article 24(1) of that Regulation; or Article 19(1) and Article 20 of Regulation (EU) No 251/2014.

Where a geographical indication, designation of origin, traditional speciality guaranteed or traditional term for wine referred to in the first subparagraph ceases to be protected in the Union after the end of the transition period, the first subparagraph shall cease to apply in respect of that geographical indication, designation of origin, traditional speciality guaranteed or traditional term for wine.

The first subparagraph shall not apply where protection in the Union is derived from international agreements to which the Union is a party.

This paragraph shall apply unless and until an agreement as referred to in Article 184 that supersedes this paragraph enters into force or becomes applicable.

3. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, if an intellectual property right referred to in that paragraph is declared invalid or revoked, or, in the case of a Community plant variety right, is declared null and void or is cancelled, in the Union as the result of an administrative or judicial procedure which was ongoing on the last day of the transition period, the corresponding right in the United Kingdom shall also be declared invalid or revoked, or declared null and void, or be cancelled. The date of effect of the declaration or revocation or cancellation in the United Kingdom shall be the same as in the Union.

By way of derogation from the first subparagraph, the United Kingdom shall not be obliged to declare invalid or to revoke the corresponding right in the United Kingdom where the grounds for the invalidity or revocation of the European Union trade mark or registered Community design do not apply in the United Kingdom.

4. A trade mark or registered design right which arises in the United Kingdom in accordance with point (a) or (b) of paragraph 1 shall have as its first renewal date the renewal date of the corresponding intellectual property right registered in accordance with Union law.

5. In respect of trade marks in the United Kingdom referred to in point (a) of paragraph 1 of this Article, the following shall apply:

(a) the trade mark shall enjoy the date of filing or the date of priority of the European Union trade mark and, where appropriate, the seniority of a trade mark of the United Kingdom claimed under Article 39 or 40 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1001;

(b) the trade mark shall not be liable to revocation on the ground that the corresponding European Union trade mark had not been put into genuine use in the territory of the United Kingdom before the end of the transition period;

(c) the owner of a European Union trade mark that has acquired a reputation in the Union shall be entitled to exercise in the United Kingdom rights equivalent to those provided for in point (c) of Article 9(2) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 and point (a) of Article 5(3) of Directive (EU) 2015/2436 in respect of the corresponding trade mark on the basis of the reputation acquired in the Union by the end of the transition period and thereafter the continuing reputation of that trade mark shall be based on the use of the mark in the United Kingdom.

6. In respect of registered design rights and plant variety rights in the United Kingdom referred to in points (b) and (c) of paragraph 1, the following shall apply:

(a) the term of protection under the law of the United Kingdom shall be at least equal to the remaining period of protection under Union law of the corresponding registered Community design or Community plant variety right;

(b) the date of filing or date of priority shall be that of the corresponding registered Community design or Community plant variety right.

ARTICLE 55 — Registration procedure
1. The registration, grant or protection pursuant to Article 54(1) and (2) of this Agreement shall be carried out free of charge by the relevant entities in the United Kingdom, using the data available in the registries of the European Union Intellectual Property Office, the Community Plant Variety Office and the European Commission. Annex III to Regulation (EC) No 110/2008 shall be considered a registry for the purpose of this Article.

2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, holders of the intellectual property rights referred to in Article 54(1) and those persons who are entitled to use a geographical indication, designation of origin, traditional speciality guaranteed or traditional term for wine referred to in Article 54(2) shall not be required to introduce an application or to undertake any particular administrative procedure. Holders of intellectual property rights referred to in Article 54(1) shall not be required to have a correspondence address in the United Kingdom in the 3 years following the end of the transition period.

3. The European Union Intellectual Property Office, the Community Plant Variety Office and the European Commission shall provide to the relevant entities in the United Kingdom the information necessary for the registration, grant or protection in the United Kingdom pursuant to Article 54(1) or (2).

4. This Article shall be without prejudice to renewal fees that may apply at the time of renewal of the rights, or the possibility for the holders concerned to surrender their intellectual property rights in the United Kingdom in accordance with the relevant procedure under the law of the United Kingdom.

ARTICLE 56 — Continued protection in the United Kingdom of international registrations designating the Union
The United Kingdom shall take measures to ensure that natural or legal persons who have obtained protection before the end of the transition period for internationally registered trade marks or designs designating the Union pursuant to the Madrid system for the international registration of marks, or pursuant to the Hague system for the international deposit of industrial designs, enjoy protection in the United Kingdom for their trade marks or industrial designs in respect of those international registrations.

ARTICLE 57 — Continued protection in the United Kingdom of unregistered Community designs
The holder of a right in relation to an unregistered Community design which arose before the end of the transition period in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 6/2002 shall in relation to that unregistered Community design ipso iure become the holder of an enforceable intellectual property right in the United Kingdom, under the law of the United Kingdom, that affords the same level of protection as that provided for in Regulation (EC) No 6/2002. The term of protection of that right under the law of the United Kingdom shall be at least equal to the remaining period of protection of the corresponding unregistered Community design under Article 11(1) of that Regulation.

ARTICLE 58 — Continued protection of databases
1. The holder of a right in relation to a database in respect of the United Kingdom in accordance with Article 7 of Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council which arose before the end of the transition period shall, in relation to that database, maintain an enforceable intellectual property right in the United Kingdom, under the law of the United Kingdom, that affords the same level of protection as that provided for in Directive 96/9/EC, provided that the holder of that right continues to comply with the requirements of Article 11 of that Directive. The term of protection of that right under the law of the United Kingdom shall be at least equal to the remaining period of protection under Article 10 of Directive 96/9/EC.

2. The following persons and undertakings shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of Article 11 of Directive 96/9/EC:

(a) United Kingdom nationals;

(b) natural persons with a habitual residence in the United Kingdom;

(c) undertakings established in the United Kingdom, provided that where such an undertaking has only its registered office in the United Kingdom, its operations are genuinely linked on an ongoing basis with the economy of the United Kingdom or of a Member State.

ARTICLE 59 — Right of priority with respect to pending applications for European Union trade marks, Community designs and Community plant variety rights
1. Where a person has filed an application for a European Union trade mark or a Community design in accordance with Union law before the end of the transition period and where that application was accorded a date of filing, that person shall have, for the same trade mark in respect of goods or services which are identical with or contained within those for which the application has been filed in the Union or for the same design, the right to file an application in the United Kingdom within 9 months from the end of the transition period. An application made pursuant to this Article shall be deemed to have the same filing date and date of priority as the corresponding application filed in the Union and, where appropriate, the seniority of a trade mark of the United Kingdom claimed under Article 39 or 40 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1001.

2. Where a person has filed an application for a Community plant variety right in accordance with Union law before the end of the transition period, that person shall have, for the purpose of filing an application for the same plant variety right in the United Kingdom, an ad hoc right of priority in the United Kingdom during a period of 6 months from the end of the transition period. The right of priority shall cause the date of priority of the application for the Community plant variety right to be deemed to be the date of application for a plant variety right in the United Kingdom for the purpose of determining distinctness, novelty and entitlement to the right.

ARTICLE 60 — Pending applications for supplementary protection certificates in the United Kingdom
1. Regulations (EC) No 1610/96 and No 469/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, respectively, shall apply in respect of applications for supplementary protection certificates for plant protection products and for medicinal products, as well as to applications for the extension of the duration of such certificates, where such applications were submitted to an authority in the United Kingdom before the end of the transition period in cases where the administrative procedure for the grant of the certificate concerned or of the extension of its duration was ongoing at the end of the transition period.

2. Any certificate granted pursuant to paragraph 1 shall provide for the same level of protection as that provided for in Regulation (EC) No 1610/96 or Regulation (EC) No 469/2009.

ARTICLE 61 — Exhaustion of rights
Intellectual property rights which were exhausted both in the Union and in the United Kingdom before the end of the transition period under the conditions provided for by Union law shall remain exhausted both in the Union and in the United Kingdom.

ARTICLE 62 — Ongoing judicial cooperation proceedings in criminal matters
1. In the United Kingdom, as well as in the Member States in situations involving the United Kingdom, the following acts shall apply as follows:

(a) the Convention, established by the Council in accordance with Article 34 of the Treaty on European Union on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters between the Member States of the European Union, and the Protocol established by the Council in accordance with Article 34 of the Treaty on European Union to the Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters between the Member States of the European Union , shall apply in respect of mutual legal assistance requests received under the respective instrument before the end of the transition period by the central authority or judicial authority;

(b) Council Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA shall apply in respect of European arrest warrants where the requested person was arrested before the end of the transition period for the purposes of the execution of a European arrest warrant, irrespective of the decision of the executing judicial authority as to whether the requested person is to remain in detention or be provisionally released;

(c) Council Framework Decision 2003/577/JHA shall apply in respect of freezing orders received before the end of the transition period by the central authority or the competent judicial authority for execution, or by a judicial authority in the executing State with no jurisdiction to recognise or execute a freezing order, but which transmits the freezing order ex officio to the competent judicial authority for execution;

(d) Council Framework Decision 2005/214/JHA shall apply in respect of decisions received before the end of the transition period by the central authority or the competent authority in the executing State, or by an authority of the executing State with no jurisdiction to recognise or execute a decision, but which transmits the decision ex officio to the competent authority for execution;

(e) Council Framework Decision 2006/783/JHA shall apply in respect of confiscation orders received before the end of the transition period by the central authority or the competent authority of the executing State, or by an authority in the executing State with no jurisdiction to recognise or execute a confiscation order, but which transmits the confiscation order ex officio to the competent authority for execution;

(f) Council Framework Decision 2008/909/JHA shall apply:

(i) in respect of judgments received before the end of the transition period by the competent authority of the executing State, or by an authority of the executing State with no competence to recognise and enforce a judgment, but which transmits the judgment ex officio to the competent authority for execution;

(ii) for the purposes of Article 4(6) or Article 5(3) of Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA, where that Framework Decision is applicable by virtue of point (b) of this paragraph;

(g) Council Framework Decision 2008/675/JHA shall apply in respect of new criminal proceedings within the meaning of Article 3 of that Framework Decision that are initiated before the end of the transition period;

(h) Council Framework Decision 2009/315/JHA shall apply in respect of requests for information on conviction received before the end of the transition period by the central authority; however, after the end of the transition period, replies to such requests shall not be transmitted through the European Criminal Records Information System established pursuant to the Council Decision 2009/316/JHA ;

(i) Council Framework Decision 2009/829/JHA shall apply in respect of decisions on supervision measures received before the end of the transition period by the central authority or the competent authority in the executing State, or by an authority of the executing State with no competence to recognise a decision, but which forwards it ex officio to the competent authority for execution;

(j) Article 10(3) of Directive 2011/93/EU of the European Parliament and the Council shall apply in respect of requests for information received before the end of the transition period by the central authority; however, after the end of the transition period, replies to such requests shall not be transmitted through the European Criminal Records Information System established pursuant to Decision 2009/316/JHA;

(k) Directive 2011/99/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply in respect of European protection orders received before the end of the transition period by the central authority or the competent authority of the executing State, or by an authority of the executing State with no competence to recognise a European protection order, but which forwards it ex officio to the competent authority for execution;

(l) Directive 2014/41/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply in respect of European Investigation Orders received before the end of the transition period by the central authority or the executing authority, or by an authority in the executing State with no competence to recognise or execute a European Investigation Order which forwards it ex officio to the executing authority for execution.

2. The competent authorities of the United Kingdom may continue to participate in the joint investigation teams in which they were participating before the end of the transition period, where those investigation teams were set up either in accordance with Article 13 of the Convention established by the Council in accordance with Article 34 of the Treaty on European Union, on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters between the Member States of the European Union or in accordance with Council Framework Decision 2002/465/JHA.

By way of derogation from Article 8 of this Agreement, the United Kingdom shall be entitled to use, for no longer than one year after the end of the transition period, the Secure Information Exchange Network Application (SIENA) to the extent strictly necessary for the purpose of exchanging information within the joint investigation teams referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph. The United Kingdom shall reimburse the Union for the actual costs incurred by the Union as a consequence of facilitating the United Kingdom's use of SIENA. The Union shall communicate the amount of those costs to the United Kingdom by 31 March 2021. In the event that the communicated amount of the actual costs incurred considerably diverges from the best estimates amount that was communicated by the Union to the United Kingdom before the signature of this Agreement, the United Kingdom shall pay without delay to the Union the best estimates amount and the Joint Committee shall determine the manner in which the difference between the actual costs incurred and the best estimates amount is to be addressed.

3. Eurojust may, upon a request by the United Kingdom, subject to compliance with point (a) of Article 26a(7) and Article 27 of Council Decision 2002/187/JHA, provide information, including personal data, from its Case Management system, if necessary to complete the ongoing procedures referred to in points (a), (b) (c), (e) and (l) of paragraph 1 of this Article or the activities of the joint investigation teams referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. The United Kingdom's competent authorities may, upon request, provide Eurojust with information in their possession if necessary to complete the ongoing procedures referred to in points (a), (b), (c), (e) and (l) of paragraph 1 of this Article or the activities of the joint investigation teams referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. Where expenses of any extraordinary nature arise out of the application of this paragraph, the Joint Committee shall determine the manner in which such expenses are to be addressed.

ARTICLE 63 — Ongoing law enforcement cooperation proceedings, police cooperation and exchange of information
1. In the United Kingdom, as well as in the Member States in situations involving the United Kingdom, the following acts shall apply as follows:

(a) Articles 39 and 40 of the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement of 14 June 1985 (&#34;Schengen Implementing Convention&#34;), in conjunction with Articles 42 and 43 thereof, shall apply in respect of:

(i) requests in accordance with Article 39 of the Schengen Implementing Convention that are received before the end of the transition period by the central body responsible in the Contracting Party for international police cooperation or by competent authorities of the requested Party, or by requested police authorities which do not have the power to deal with the request, but which forward the request to the competent authorities;

(ii) requests for assistance in accordance with Article 40(1) of the Schengen Implementing Convention that are received before the end of the transition period by an authority designated by a Contracting Party;

(iii) cross-border surveillance that is carried out without prior authorisation in accordance with Article 40(2) of the Schengen Implementing Convention, where that surveillance started before the end of the transition period;

(b) the Convention drawn up on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union, on mutual assistance and cooperation between customs administrations shall apply in respect of:

(i) requests for information that are received before the end of the transition period by the requested authority;

(ii) requests for surveillance that are received before the end of the transition period by the requested authority;

(iii) requests for enquiries that are received before the end of the transition period by the requested authority;

(iv) requests for notification that are received before the end of the transition period by the requested authority;

(v) requests for authorisation of cross-border surveillance or for entrusting observation to the officers of the Member State in whose territory observation is carried out that are received before the end of the transition period by an authority designated by the requested Member State that is empowered to grant the requested authorisation or to pass on the request;

(vi) cross-border surveillance that is carried out without prior authorisation in accordance with Article 40(2) of the Schengen Implementing Convention, where that surveillance started before the end of the transition period;

(vii) requests to carry out controlled delivery that are received before the end of the transition period by the requested authority;

(viii) requests to authorise covert investigations that are received before the end of the transition period by the requested authority;

(ix) joint special investigation teams that are set up pursuant to Article 24 of that Convention before the end of the transition period;

(c) Council Decision 2000/642/JHA shall apply in respect of requests that are received before the end of the transition period by the requested Financial Intelligence Unit;

(d) Council Framework Decision 2006/960/JHA shall apply in respect of requests that are received before the end of the transition period by the requested competent law enforcement authority;

(e) Council Decision 2007/533/JHA shall apply in respect of the exchange of supplementary information where there was a hit before the end of the transition period on an alert issued in the Schengen Information System, provided its provisions apply to the United Kingdom on the last day of the transition period. By way of derogation from Article 8 of this Agreement, the United Kingdom shall be entitled to use, for no longer than 3 months after the end of the transition period, the Communication Infrastructure as referred to in Article 8(1) of Decision 2007/533/JHA to the extent strictly necessary for the purpose of exchanging such supplementary information. The United Kingdom shall reimburse the Union for the actual costs incurred by the Union as a consequence of facilitating the United Kingdom's use of the Communication Infrastructure. The Union shall communicate to the United Kingdom the amount of those costs by 31 March 2021. In the event that the communicated amount of the actual costs incurred considerably diverges from the best estimates amount that was communicated by the Union to the United Kingdom before the signature of this Agreement, the United Kingdom shall pay without delay to the Union the best estimates amount and the Joint Committee shall determine the manner in which the difference between the actual costs incurred and the best estimates amount is to be addressed;

(f) Council Decision 2007/845/JHA shall apply in respect of requests received before the end of the transition period by an Asset Recovery Office;

(g) Directive (EU) 2016/681 of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply in respect of requests received by the passenger information unit in accordance with Articles 9 and 10 of that Directive before the end of the transition period.

2. By way of derogation from Article 8, the United Kingdom shall be entitled to use, for no longer than one year after the end of the transition period, the Secure Information Exchange Network Application (SIENA) to the extent strictly necessary to complete the ongoing procedures referred to in points (c), (d), (f) and (g) of paragraph 1 of this Article. The United Kingdom shall reimburse the Union for the actual costs incurred by the Union as a consequence of facilitating the United Kingdom's use of SIENA. The Union shall communicate to the United Kingdom the amount of those costs by 31 March 2021. In the event that the communicated amount of the actual costs incurred considerably diverges from the best estimates amount that was communicated by the Union to the United Kingdom before the signature of this Agreement, the United Kingdom shall pay without delay to the Union the best estimates amount and the Joint Committee shall determine the manner in which the difference between the actual costs incurred and the best estimates amount is to be addressed.

ARTICLE 64 — Confirmation of receipt or arrest
1. The competent issuing or requesting authority may request an acknowledgement of the receipt of a judicial decision or request referred to in points (a), (c) to (e), (f)(i) and (h) to (l) of Article 62(1) and points (a)(i) and (ii), points (b)(i) to (v) and (vii), (viii) and (ix), and points (c), (d), (f) and (g) of Article 63(1) within 10 days after the end of the transition period where it has doubts as to whether such a judicial decision or request was received by the executing or requested authority before the end of the transition period.

2. In the cases referred to in point (b) of Article 62(1), where the competent issuing judicial authority has doubts as to whether the requested person was arrested pursuant to Article 11 of Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA before the end of the transition period, it may request from the competent executing judicial authority a confirmation of the arrest within 10 days after the end of the transition period.

3. Unless confirmation has already been provided pursuant to the applicable provisions of Union law, the executing or requested authority referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall reply to a request for confirmation of receipt or arrest within 10 days after receiving the request.

ARTICLE 65 — Other applicable Union acts
Directive 2010/64/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council and Directive 2012/13/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply in respect of the proceedings referred to in point (b) of Article 62(1) of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 66 — Applicable law in contractual and non-contractual matters
In the United Kingdom, the following acts shall apply as follows:

(a) Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply in respect of contracts concluded before the end of the transition period;

(b) Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply in respect of events giving rise to damage, where such events occurred before the end of the transition period.

ARTICLE 67 — Jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judicial decisions, and related cooperation between central authorities
1. In the United Kingdom, as well as in the Member States in situations involving the United Kingdom, in respect of legal proceedings instituted before the end of the transition period and in respect of proceedings or actions that are related to such legal proceedings pursuant to Articles 29, 30 and 31 of Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Article 19 of Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 or Articles 12 and 13 of Council Regulation (EC) No 4/2009 , the following acts or provisions shall apply:

(a) the provisions regarding jurisdiction of Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012;

(b) the provisions regarding jurisdiction of Regulation (EU) 2017/1001, of Regulation (EC) No 6/2002, of Regulation (EC) No 2100/94, of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council and of Directive 96/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ;

(c) the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 regarding jurisdiction;

(d) the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 4/2009 regarding jurisdiction.

2. In the United Kingdom, as well as in the Member States in situations involving the United Kingdom, the following acts or provisions shall apply as follows in respect of the recognition and enforcement of judgments, decisions, authentic instruments, court settlements and agreements:

(a) Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 shall apply to the recognition and enforcement of judgments given in legal proceedings instituted before the end of the transition period, and to authentic instruments formally drawn up or registered and court settlements approved or concluded before the end of the transition period;

(b) the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 regarding recognition and enforcement shall apply to judgments given in legal proceedings instituted before the end of the transition period, and to documents formally drawn up or registered as authentic instruments, and agreements concluded before the end of the transition period;

(c) the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 4/2009 regarding recognition and enforcement shall apply to decisions given in legal proceedings instituted before the end of the transition period, and to court settlements approved or concluded, and authentic instruments established before the end of the transition period;

(d) Regulation (EC) No 805/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply to judgments given in legal proceedings instituted before the end of the transition period, and to court settlements approved or concluded and authentic instruments drawn up before the end of the transition period, provided that the certification as a European Enforcement Order was applied for before the end of the transition period.

3. In the United Kingdom, as well as in the Member States in situations involving the United Kingdom, the following provisions shall apply as follows:

(a) Chapter IV of Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 shall apply to requests and applications received by the central authority or other competent authority of the requested State before the end of the transition period;

(b) Chapter VII of Regulation (EC) No 4/2009 shall apply to applications for recognition or enforcement as referred to in point (c) of paragraph 2 of this Article and requests received by the central authority of the requested State before the end of the transition period;

(c) Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply to insolvency proceedings, and actions referred to in Article 6(1) of that Regulation, provided that the main proceedings were opened before the end of the transition period;

(d) Regulation (EC) No 1896/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply to European payment orders applied for before the end of the transition period; where, following such an application, the proceedings are transferred according to Article 17(1) of that Regulation, the proceedings shall be deemed to have been instituted before the end of the transition period;

(e) Regulation (EC) No 861/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply to small claims procedures for which the application was lodged before the end of the transition period;

(f) Regulation (EU) No 606/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply to certificates issued before the end of the transition period.

ARTICLE 68 — Ongoing judicial cooperation procedures
In the United Kingdom, as well as in the Member States in situations involving the United Kingdom, the following acts shall apply as follows:

(a) Regulation (EC) No 1393/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply to judicial and extrajudicial documents which were received for the purposes of service before the end of the transition period by one of the following:

(i) a receiving agency;

(ii) a central body of the State where the service is to be effected; or

(iii) diplomatic or consular agents, postal services or judicial officers, officials or other competent persons of the State addressed, as referred to in Articles 13, 14 and 15 of that Regulation;

(b) Council Regulation (EC) No 1206/2001 shall apply to requests received before the end of the transition period by one of the following:

(i) a requested court;

(ii) a central body of the State where the taking of evidence is requested; or

(iii) a central body or competent authority referred to in Article 17(1) of that Regulation;

(c) Council Decision 2001/470/EC shall apply to requests that were received before the end of the transition period; the requesting contact point may request an acknowledgement of receipt within 7 days of the end of the transition period where it has doubts as to whether the request was received before the end of the transition period.

ARTICLE 69 — Other applicable provisions
1. In the United Kingdom, as well as in the Member States in situations involving the United Kingdom, the following acts shall apply as follows:

(a) Council Directive 2003/8/EC shall apply to applications for legal aid that were received by the receiving authority before the end of the transition period. The requesting authority may request an acknowledgement of receipt within 7 days of the end of the transition period where it has doubts as to whether the request was received before that date;

(b) Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply where, before the end of the transition period:

(i) the parties agreed to use mediation after the dispute had arisen;

(ii) mediation was ordered by the court; or

(iii) a court invited the parties to use mediation;

(c) Council Directive 2004/80/EC shall apply to applications received by the deciding authority before the end of the transition period.

2. Point (a) of paragraph 1 and point (a) of paragraph 2 of Article 67 of this Agreement shall also apply in respect of the provisions of Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 as applicable by virtue of the agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters.

3. Point (a) of Article 68 of this Agreement shall also apply with regard to the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 1393/2007 as applicable by virtue of the agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark on the service of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil and commercial matters.

ARTICLE 70 — Definition
For the purposes of this Title, &#34;Union law on the protection of personal data&#34; means:

(a) Regulation (EU) 2016/679, with the exception of Chapter VII thereof;

(b) Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council ;

(c) Directive 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ;

(d) any other provisions of Union law governing the protection of personal data.

ARTICLE 71 — Protection of personal data
1. Union law on the protection of personal data shall apply in the United Kingdom in respect of the processing of personal data of data subjects outside the United Kingdom, provided that the personal data:

(a) were processed under Union law in the United Kingdom before the end of the transition period; or

(b) are processed in the United Kingdom after the end of the transition period on the basis of this Agreement.

2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply to the extent the processing of the personal data referred to therein is subject to an adequate level of protection as established in applicable decisions under Article 45(3) of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 or Article 36(3) of Directive (EU) 2016/680.

3. To the extent that a decision referred to in paragraph 2 has ceased to be applicable, the United Kingdom shall ensure a level of protection of personal data essentially equivalent to that under Union law on the protection of personal data in respect of the processing of personal data of data subjects referred to in paragraph 1.

ARTICLE 72 — Confidential treatment and restricted use of data and information in the United Kingdom
Without prejudice to Article 71, in addition to Union law on the protection of personal data, the provisions of Union law on confidential treatment, restriction of use, storage limitation and requirement to erase data and information shall apply in respect of data and information obtained by authorities or official bodies of or in the United Kingdom or by contracting entities, as defined in Article 4 of Directive 2014/25/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, that are of or in the United Kingdom:

(a) before the end of the transition period; or

(b) on the basis of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 73 — Treatment of data and information obtained from the United Kingdom
The Union shall not treat data and information obtained from the United Kingdom before the end of the transition period, or obtained after the end of the transition period on the basis of this Agreement, differently from data and information obtained from a Member State, on the sole ground of the United Kingdom having withdrawn from the Union.

ARTICLE 74 — Information security
1. The provisions of Union law on the protection of EU classified information and Euratom classified information shall apply in respect of classified information that was obtained by the United Kingdom either before the end of the transition period or on the basis of this Agreement or that was obtained from the United Kingdom by the Union or a Member State either before the end of the transition period or on the basis of this Agreement.

2. The obligations resulting from Union law regarding industrial security shall apply to the United Kingdom in cases where the tendering, contracting or grant award procedure for the classified contract, classified subcontract or classified grant agreement was launched before the end of the transition period.

3. The United Kingdom shall ensure that cryptographic products that use classified cryptographic algorithms developed under the control of, and evaluated and approved by the Crypto Approval Authority of a Member State or of the United Kingdom, which have been approved by the Union by the end of the transition period and that are present in the United Kingdom, are not transferred to a third country.

4. Any requirements, limitations and conditions set out in the Union approval of cryptographic products shall apply to those products.

ARTICLE 75 — Definition
For the purposes of this Title, &#34;relevant rules&#34; means the general principles of Union law applicable to the award of public contracts, Directives 2009/81/EC, 2014/23/EU , 2014/24/EU and 2014/25/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Regulations (EC) No 2195/2002 and (EC) No 1370/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Article 4 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 3577/92 , Articles 11 and 12 of Council Directive 96/67/EC , Articles 16, 17 and 18 of Regulation (EC) No 1008/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council , Articles 6 and 7 of Regulation (EU) 2017/352 of the European Parliament and of the Council , and any other specific provisions of Union law governing public procurement procedures.

ARTICLE 76 — Rules applicable to ongoing procedures
1. The relevant rules shall apply:

(a) without prejudice to point (b), in respect of procedures launched by contracting authorities or contracting entities from the Member States or the United Kingdom under those rules before the end of the transition period and not yet finalised on the last day of the transition period, including procedures using dynamic purchasing systems as well as procedures for which the call for competition takes the form of a prior information notice or periodic indicative notice or a notice on the existence of a qualification system; and

(b) in respect of the procedures referred to in Article 29(2), (3) and (4) of Directive 2009/81/EC, Article 33(2) to (5) of Directive 2014/24/EU and Article 51(2) of Directive 2014/25/EU which relate to the performance of the following framework agreements concluded by contracting authorities or contracting entities from the Member States or the United Kingdom, including the award of contracts based on such framework agreements:

(i) framework agreements concluded before the end of the transition period that have neither expired nor been terminated on the last day of the transition period; or

(ii) framework agreements concluded after the end of the transition period in accordance with a procedure that falls under point (a) of this paragraph.

2. Without prejudice to the application of any restriction in accordance with Union law, the non‐discrimination principle shall be complied with by contracting authorities and contracting entities with regard to tenderers or, as applicable, persons who are otherwise entitled to submit applications, from the Member States and the United Kingdom in relation to the procedures referred to in paragraph 1.

3. A procedure referred to in paragraph 1 shall be considered to have been launched when a call for competition or any other invitation to submit applications has been made in accordance with the relevant rules. Where the relevant rules allow for the use of procedures that do not require the use of a call for competition or other invitations to submit applications, the procedure shall be considered to have been launched when the contracting authority or contracting entity contacted economic operators in relation to the specific procedure.

4. A procedure referred to in paragraph 1 shall be considered finalised:

(a) upon publication of a contract award notice in accordance with the relevant rules or, where those rules do not require the publication of a contract award notice, upon conclusion of the relevant contract; or

(b) upon informing tenderers or persons otherwise entitled to submit applications, as the case may be, of the reasons why the contract was not awarded, if the contracting authority or contracting entity decided not to award a contract.

5. This Article shall not affect Union or United Kingdom rules on customs, the movement of goods, the provision of services, the recognition of professional qualifications or intellectual property.

ARTICLE 77 — Review procedures
Council Directives 89/665/EEC and 92/13/EEC shall apply in respect of the public procurement procedures referred to in Article 76 of this Agreement which fall within the scope of those Directives.

ARTICLE 78 — Cooperation
By way of derogation from Article 8 of this Agreement, Article 61(2) of Directive 2014/24/EU shall apply for a period not exceeding 9 months from the end of the transition period in respect of the procedures under that Directive that were launched by contracting authorities from the United Kingdom before the end of the transition period and were not yet finalised on the last day of the transition period.

ARTICLE 79 — Definitions
For the purposes of this Title, the following definitions shall apply:

(a) &#34;Community&#34; means the European Atomic Energy Community;

(b) &#34;safeguards&#34; means activities to verify that nuclear material and equipment are not diverted from their intended use as declared by the users and activities to verify that international legal obligations to use nuclear material and equipment for peaceful purposes are honoured;

(c) &#34;special fissile materials&#34; means special fissile materials as defined in point (1) of Article 197 of the Euratom Treaty;

(d) &#34;ores&#34; means ores as defined in point (4) of Article 197 of the Euratom Treaty;

(e) &#34;source materials&#34; means source materials as defined in point (3) of Article 197 of the Euratom Treaty;

(f) &#34;nuclear material&#34; means ores, source materials and special fissile materials;

(g) &#34;spent fuel&#34; and &#34;radioactive waste&#34; mean spent fuel and radioactive waste as defined in points (7) and (11) of Article3 of Council Directive 2011/70/Euratom.

ARTICLE 80 — End of Community responsibility for matters related to the United Kingdom
1. The United Kingdom shall have sole responsibility for ensuring that all ores, source materials and special fissile materials covered by the Euratom Treaty and present on the territory of the United Kingdom at the end of the transition period are handled in accordance with relevant and applicable international treaties and conventions, including but not limited to international treaties and conventions on nuclear safety, safeguards, non-proliferation and physical protection of nuclear materials, and international treaties and conventions on safety of spent fuel management and the safety of radioactive waste management.

2. The United Kingdom shall have sole responsibility for ensuring its compliance with international obligations arising as a consequence of its membership of the International Atomic Energy Agency or as a consequence of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons or any other relevant international treaties or conventions to which the United Kingdom is a party.

ARTICLE 81 — Safeguards
The United Kingdom shall implement a safeguards regime. This safeguards regime shall apply a system offering equivalent effectiveness and coverage as that provided by the Community in the territory of the United Kingdom in line with the Agreement between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the European Atomic Energy Community and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons [INFCIRC/263], as amended.

ARTICLE 82 — Specific obligations under international agreements
The United Kingdom shall ensure that any specific obligations under agreements concluded by the Community with third countries or international organisations in relation to any nuclear equipment, nuclear material or other nuclear items present on the territory of the United Kingdom at the end of the transition period are fulfilled, or otherwise identify appropriate arrangements in agreement with the third country or international organisation concerned.

ARTICLE 83 — Ownership and rights of use and consumption of special fissile materials in the United Kingdom
1. Special fissile materials present on the territory of the United Kingdom in respect of which Article 86 of the Euratom Treaty applied until the end of the transition period shall cease to be the property of the Community at the end of the transition period.

2. Special fissile materials referred to in paragraph 1 shall become the property of the persons or undertakings that had unlimited right of use and consumption of those materials at the end of the transition period in accordance with Article 87 of the Euratom Treaty.

3. Where the right of use and consumption of special fissile materials referred to in paragraph 2 (&#34;materials concerned&#34;) is with a Member State, or with persons or undertakings established in the territory of a Member State, in order to protect the integrity of the common supply policy established under Chapter 6 of Title II of the Euratom Treaty and of the nuclear common market established under Chapter 9 of that Title, including with regard to the level of safeguards applicable to the materials concerned, the following shall apply:

(a) having regard to Article 5 of this Agreement, the Community shall have the right to require that the materials concerned be deposited with the Agency established under point (b) of Article 52(2) of the Euratom Treaty or in other stores which are or can be supervised by the European Commission;

(b) the Community shall have the right to conclude contracts relating to the supply of the materials concerned to any person or undertaking established in the territory of the United Kingdom or in a third country in accordance with Article 52(2) of the Euratom Treaty;

(c) Article 20 of Commission Regulation (Euratom) No 302/2005, with the exception of points (b) and (c) of paragraph 1, shall apply in respect of the materials concerned;

(d) the export of the materials concerned to a third country shall be authorised by the competent authorities of the Member State in which the person or undertaking with the right to use and consume the materials concerned is established in accordance with Article 9(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No 428/2009 ;

(e) in respect of the materials concerned, the Community shall have the right to exert any other rights arising under the Euratom Treaty from ownership pursuant to Article 86 of that Treaty.

4. Member States, persons or undertakings that have the unlimited right of use and consumption of special fissile materials present on the territory of the United Kingdom at the end of the transition period shall retain that right.

ARTICLE 84 — Equipment and other property related to the provision of safeguards
1. Community equipment and other property related to the provision of safeguards under the Euratom Treaty located in the United Kingdom at the end of the transition period, as set out at Annex V, shall become the property of the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom shall reimburse to the Union the value of that equipment and other property, the calculation of which shall be based on the value assigned to that equipment and other property in the consolidated accounts for the year 2020.

2. The United Kingdom shall assume all of the Community's rights, liabilities and obligations associated with the equipment and other property referred to in paragraph 1.

ARTICLE 85 — Spent fuel and radioactive waste
Article 4(1) and (2) and the first subparagraph of Article 4(4) of Directive 2011/70/Euratom shall apply in respect of the United Kingdom's ultimate responsibility for spent fuel and radioactive waste that was generated in the United Kingdom and is present on the territory of a Member State at the end of the transition period.

ARTICLE 86 — Pending cases before the Court of Justice of the European Union
1. The Court of Justice of the European Union shall continue to have jurisdiction in any proceedings brought by or against the United Kingdom before the end of the transition period. Such jurisdiction shall apply to all stages of proceedings, including appeal proceedings before the Court of Justice and proceedings before the General Court where the case is referred back to the General Court.

2. The Court of Justice of the European Union shall continue to have jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings on requests from courts and tribunals of the United Kingdom made before the end of the transition period.

3. For the purposes of this Chapter, proceedings shall be considered as having been brought before the Court of Justice of the European Union, and requests for preliminary rulings shall be considered as having been made, at the moment at which the document initiating the proceedings has been registered by the registry of the Court of Justice or the General Court, as the case may be.

ARTICLE 87 — New cases before the Court of Justice
1. If the European Commission considers that the United Kingdom has failed to fulfil an obligation under the Treaties or under Part Four of this Agreement before the end of the transition period, the European Commission may, within 4 years after the end of the transition period, bring the matter before the Court of Justice of the European Union in accordance with the requirements laid down in Article 258 TFEU or the second subparagraph of Article 108(2) TFEU, as the case may be. The Court of Justice of the European Union shall have jurisdiction over such cases.

2. If the United Kingdom does not comply with a decision referred to in Article 95(1) of this Agreement, or fails to give legal effect in the United Kingdom's legal order to a decision, as referred to in that provision, that was addressed to a natural or legal person residing or established in the United Kingdom, the European Commission may, within 4 years from the date of the decision concerned, bring the matter to the Court of Justice of the European Union in accordance with the requirements laid down in Article 258 TFEU or the second subparagraph of Article 108(2) TFEU, as the case may be. The Court of Justice of the European Union shall have jurisdiction over such cases.

3. In deciding to bring matters under this Article, the European Commission shall apply the same principles in respect of the United Kingdom as in respect of any Member State.

ARTICLE 88 — Procedural rules
The provisions of Union law governing the procedure before the Court of Justice of the European Union shall apply in respect of the proceedings and requests for preliminary rulings referred to in this Title.

ARTICLE 89 — Binding force and enforceability of judgments and orders
1. Judgments and orders of the Court of Justice of the European Union handed down before the end of the transition period, as well as such judgments and orders handed down after the end of the transition period in proceedings referred to in Articles 86 and 87, shall have binding force in their entirety on and in the United Kingdom.

2. If, in a judgment referred to in paragraph 1, the Court of Justice of the European Union finds that the United Kingdom has failed to fulfil an obligation under the Treaties or this Agreement, the United Kingdom shall take the necessary measures to comply with that judgment.

3. Articles 280 and 299 TFEU shall apply in the United Kingdom in respect of the enforcement of the judgments and orders of the Court of Justice of the European Union referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.

ARTICLE 90 — Right to intervene and participate in the procedure
Until the judgments and orders of the Court of Justice of the European Union in all proceedings and requests for preliminary rulings referred to in Article 86 have become final, the United Kingdom may intervene in the same way as a Member State or, in the cases brought before the Court of Justice of the European Union in accordance with Article 267 TFEU, participate in the procedure before the Court of Justice of the European Union in the same way as a Member State. During that period, the Registrar of the Court of Justice of the European Union shall notify the United Kingdom, at the same time and in the same manner as the Member States, of any case referred to the Court of Justice of the European Union for a preliminary ruling by a court or tribunal of a Member State.

The United Kingdom may also intervene or participate in the procedure before the Court of Justice of the European Union in the same way as a Member State:

(a) in relation to cases which concern a failure to fulfil obligations under the Treaties, where the United Kingdom was subject to the same obligations before the end of the transition period, and where such cases are brought before the Court of Justice of the European Union in accordance with Articles 258 TFEU before the end of the period referred to in Article 87(1) or, as the case may be, until the moment, after the end of that period, at which the last judgment or order rendered by the Court of Justice of the European Union on the basis of Article 87(1) has become final;

(b) in relation to cases which concern acts or provisions of Union law which were applicable before the end of the transition period to and in the United Kingdom and which are brought before Court of Justice of the European Union in accordance with Article 267 TFEU before the end of the period referred to in Article 87(1) or, as the case may be, until the moment, after the end of that period, at which the last judgment or order rendered by the Court of Justice on the basis of Article 87(1) has become final; and

(c) in relation to the cases referred to in Article 95(3).

ARTICLE 91 — Representation before the Court
1. Without prejudice to Article 88, where, before the end of the transition period, a lawyer authorised to practise before the courts or tribunals of the United Kingdom represented or assisted a party in proceedings before the Court of Justice of the European Union or in relation to requests for preliminary rulings made before the end of the transition period, that lawyer may continue to represent or assist that party in those proceedings or in relation to those requests. This right shall apply to all stages of proceedings, including appeal proceedings before the Court of Justice and proceedings before the General Court after a case has been referred back to it.

2. Without prejudice to Article 88, lawyers authorised to practise before the courts or tribunals of the United Kingdom may represent or assist a party before the Court of Justice of the European Union in the cases referred to in Article 87 and Article 95(3). Lawyers authorised to practise before the courts or tribunals of the United Kingdom may also represent or assist the United Kingdom in the proceedings covered by Article 90 in which the United Kingdom has decided to intervene or participate.

3. When representing or assisting a party before the Court of Justice of the European Union in the cases referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, lawyers authorised to practise before the courts or tribunals of the United Kingdom shall in every respect be treated as lawyers authorised to practise before courts or tribunals of Member States representing or assisting a party before the Court of Justice of the European Union.

ARTICLE 92 — Ongoing administrative procedures
1. The institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union shall continue to be competent for administrative procedures which were initiated before the end of the transition period concerning:

(a) compliance with Union law by the United Kingdom, or by natural or legal persons residing or established in the United Kingdom; or

(b) compliance with Union law relating to competition in the United Kingdom.

2. Without prejudice to paragraph 3, for the purposes of this Chapter an administrative procedure shall be considered as having been initiated at the moment at which it has been formally registered with the Union institution, body, office or agency.

3. For the purposes of this Chapter:

(a) an administrative procedure on State aid governed by Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589 shall be considered as having been initiated at the moment at which the procedure has been allocated a case number;

(b) proceedings for the application of Article 101 or 102 TFEU conducted by the European Commission under Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 shall be considered as having been initiated at the moment at which the European Commission has decided to initiate proceedings in accordance with Article 2(1) of Commission Regulation (EC) No 773/2004 ;

(c) proceedings in connection with the control of concentrations between undertakings governed by Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 shall be considered as having been initiated at the moment at which:

(i) a concentration of Union dimension has been notified to the European Commission in accordance with Articles 1, 3 and 4 of Regulation (EC) No 139/2004;

(ii) the time limit of 15 working days referred to in Article 4(5) of Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 has expired without any of the Member States competent to examine the concentration under their national competition law having expressed its disagreement as regards the request to refer the case to the European Commission; or

(iii) the European Commission has decided, or is deemed to have decided, to examine the concentration in accordance with Article 22(3) of Regulation (EC) No 139/2004;

(d) an investigation by the European Securities and Markets Authority of an alleged infringement listed in Annex III to Regulation (EC) No 1060/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council or Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council shall be considered as having been initiated at the moment at which that Authority has appointed an independent investigating officer in accordance with Article 23e(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1060/2009 or Article 64(1) of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012.

4. The Union shall provide the United Kingdom with a list of all individual ongoing administrative procedures that fall within the scope of paragraph 1 within 3 months after the end of the transition period. By way of derogation from the first sentence, in the case of individual ongoing administrative procedures of the European Banking Authority, the European Securities and Markets Authority, and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority, the Union shall provide the United Kingdom with a list of such ongoing administrative procedures within 1 month after the end of the transition period.

5. In an administrative procedure on State aid governed by Regulation (EU) 2015/1589, the European Commission shall be bound in relation to the United Kingdom by the applicable case law and best practices, as if the United Kingdom were still a Member State. In particular, the European Commission shall, within a reasonable period of time, adopt one of the following decisions:

(a) a decision finding that the measure does not constitute aid pursuant to Article 4(2) of Regulation (EU) 2015/1589;

(b) a decision not to raise objections pursuant to Article 4(3) of Regulation (EU) 2015/1589;

(c) a decision to initiate formal investigation proceedings pursuant to Article 4(4) of Regulation (EU) 2015/1589.

ARTICLE 93 — New State aid and European Anti-Fraud Office procedures
1. In respect of aid granted before the end of the transition period, for a period of 4 years after the end of the transition period, the European Commission shall be competent to initiate new administrative procedures on State aid governed by Regulation (EU) 2015/1589 concerning the United Kingdom.

The European Commission shall continue to be competent after the end of the 4-year period for procedures initiated before the end of that period.

Article 92(5) of this Agreement shall apply mutatis mutandis.

The European Commission shall inform the United Kingdom of any new administrative proceedings on State aid initiated under the first subparagraph of this paragraph within 3 months of initiating it.

2. Without prejudice to Articles 136 and 138 of this Agreement, for a period of 4 years after the end of the transition period, the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) shall be competent to initiate new investigations governed by Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 883/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council in respect of:

(a) facts that occurred before the end of the transition period; or

(b) any customs debt arising after the end of the transition period from the discharge procedures referred to in Article 49(1) of this Agreement.

OLAF shall continue to be competent after the end of the 4-year period for procedures initiated before the end of that period.

OLAF shall inform the United Kingdom of any new investigation initiated under the first subparagraph of this paragraph within 3 months of initiating that investigation.

ARTICLE 94 — Procedural rules
1. The provisions of Union law governing the different types of administrative procedures covered by this Chapter shall apply to the procedures referred to in Articles 92, 93 and 96.

2. When representing or assisting a party in relation to the administrative procedures referred to in Articles 92 and 93, the lawyers authorised to practise before the courts or tribunals of the United Kingdom shall in every respect be treated as lawyers authorised to practise before courts or tribunals of Member States who represent or assist a party in relation to such administrative procedures.

3. Article 128(5) shall apply to the extent necessary for any procedures referred to in Articles 92 and 93 after the end of the transition period.

ARTICLE 95 — Binding force and enforceability of decisions
1. Decisions adopted by institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union before the end of the transition period, or adopted in the procedures referred to in Articles 92 and 93 after the end of the transition period, and addressed to the United Kingdom or to natural and legal persons residing or established in the United Kingdom, shall be binding on and in the United Kingdom.

2. Unless otherwise agreed between the European Commission and the designated national competition authority of the United Kingdom, the European Commission shall continue to be competent to monitor and enforce commitments given or remedies imposed in, or in relation to, the United Kingdom in connection with any proceedings for the application of Articles 101 or 102 TFEU conducted by the European Commission under Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 or proceedings conducted by the European Commission under Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 in connection with the control of concentrations between undertakings. If so agreed between the European Commission and the designated national competition authority of the United Kingdom, the European Commission shall transfer the monitoring and enforcement of such commitments or remedies in the United Kingdom to the designated national competition authority of the United Kingdom.

3. The legality of a decision referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be reviewed exclusively by the Court of Justice of the European Union in accordance with Article 263 TFEU.

4. Article 299 TFEU shall apply in the United Kingdom in respect of the enforcement of decisions referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article that impose pecuniary obligations on natural and legal persons residing or established in the United Kingdom.

ARTICLE 96 — Other ongoing procedures and reporting obligations
1. Technical examinations conducted by United Kingdom Examination Offices in cooperation with the Community Plant Variety Office pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 2100/94 which were ongoing on the day before the date of entry into force of this Agreement shall continue and be concluded in compliance with that Regulation.

2. Article 12(2a) and (3) and Articles 14, 15 and 16 of Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply to and in the United Kingdom in respect of greenhouse gases emitted during the last year of the transition period.

3. Article 19 of Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Articles 26 and 27 of Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply to and in the United Kingdom in respect of data reporting for the last year of the transition period.

4. Article 8(1), (2), (3) and (7) of Regulation (EC) 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and Annex II to that Regulation, and Article 8(1), (2), (3), (8) and (10) of Regulation (EU) 510/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council , and Annex II to that Regulation, as well as Articles 2 to 5, 7 and 8(2) and (3) of Commission Regulation (EU) No 1014/2010 and Articles 3 to 6 and 8 and Article 9(2) and (3) of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 293/2012 shall apply to and in the United Kingdom in respect of the monitoring and reporting of relevant vehicle carbon dioxide emissions during the last year of the transition period.

5. Articles 5, 7, 9 and 10, Article 11(3), points (a) and (d) of Article 17(1), and Articles 19, 22 and 23 of Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Articles 3, 7 and 11 of Decision No 406/2009/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council shall apply to the United Kingdom in respect of greenhouse gases emitted during 2019 and 2020, and Article 5 of Commission Regulation (EU) No 389/2013 shall apply to the United Kingdom until the closure of the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol.

6. By way of derogation from Article 8 of this Agreement:

(a) to the extent necessary to comply with paragraphs 2, 4 and 5 of this Article, the United Kingdom and operators in the United Kingdom shall have access to:

(i) the Union Registry and the United Kingdom's Kyoto Protocol Registry established by Regulation (EU) No 389/2013; and

(ii) the Central Data Repository of the European Environment Agency as provided for by Regulation (EU) No 1014/2010, Implementing Regulation (EU) No 293/2012 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 749/2014 ;

(b) to the extent necessary to comply with paragraph 3 of this Article undertakings in the United Kingdom shall have access to:

(i) the reporting tool based on the format set out in the Annex to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1191/2014 for the purposes of managing and reporting on fluorinated greenhouse gases; and

(ii) the Business Data Repository used for reporting by undertakings under Article 27 of Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009.

Upon a request from the United Kingdom, for a period ending one year after the end of the transition period, the Union shall provide the necessary information for the United Kingdom to:

(a) comply with its reporting obligations under Article 7 of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer; and

(b) apply penalties in accordance with Article 25 of Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 and Article 29 of Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009.

ARTICLE 97 — Representation in ongoing proceedings before the European Union Intellectual Property Office
Where, before the end of the transition period, a person who is authorised to represent a natural or legal person before the European Union Intellectual Property Office in accordance with Union law was representing a party in a procedure brought before that Office, that representative may continue to represent that party in that procedure. This right shall apply to all stages of the procedure before that Office.

When representing a party before the European Union Intellectual Property Office in the proceedings referred to in the first subparagraph, such representative shall in every respect be treated as a professional representative authorised to represent a natural or legal person before the European Union Intellectual Property Office in accordance with Union law.

ARTICLE 98 — Administrative cooperation for customs
1. Administrative cooperation procedures between a Member State and the United Kingdom set out in Annex VI that were launched in accordance with Union law before the end of the transition period shall be completed by that Member State and the United Kingdom in accordance with the relevant provisions of Union law.

2. Administrative cooperation procedures between a Member State and the United Kingdom set out in Annex VI that are launched within a period of 3 years after the end of the transition period but concern facts that occurred before the end of the transition period shall be completed by that Member State and the United Kingdom in accordance with the relevant provisions of Union law.

ARTICLE 99 — Administrative cooperation for matters related to indirect tax
1. Council Regulation (EU) No 904/2010 shall apply until 4 years after the end of the transition period in respect of cooperation between the competent authorities responsible for the application of the legislation on VAT in the Member States and the United Kingdom in relation to transactions that took place before the end of the transition period and in relation to transactions covered by Article 51(1) of this Agreement.

2. Council Regulation (EU) No 389/2012 shall apply until 4 years after the end of the transition period in respect of cooperation between the competent authorities responsible for the application of the legislation on excise duties in the Member States and the United Kingdom in relation to movements of excise goods that took place before the end of the transition period and in relation to movements of excise goods covered by Article 52 of this Agreement.

3. By way of derogation from Article 8, the United Kingdom shall have access, to the extent strictly necessary to exercise its rights and comply with obligations under this Article, to the networks, information systems and databases listed in Annex IV. The United Kingdom shall reimburse the Union for the actual costs incurred by the Union as a consequence of facilitating that access. The Union shall communicate to the United Kingdom the amount of those costs by 31 March of each year until the end of the period referred to in Annex IV. In the event that the communicated amount of the actual costs incurred considerably diverges from the best estimates amount that was communicated by the Union to the United Kingdom before the signature of this Agreement, the United Kingdom shall pay without delay to the Union the best estimates amount and the Joint Committee shall determine the manner in which the difference between the actual costs incurred and the best estimates amount is to be addressed.

ARTICLE 100 — Mutual assistance for the recovery of claims relating to taxes, duties and other measures
1. Council Directive 2010/24/EU shall apply until 5 years after the end of the transition period between the Member States and the United Kingdom in respect of claims relating to amounts that became due before the end of the transition period, claims relating to transactions that took place before the end of the transition period but where the amounts became due after that period, and claims relating to transactions covered by Article 51(1) of this Agreement or movements of excise goods covered by Article 52 of this Agreement.

2. By way of derogation from Article 8, the United Kingdom shall have access, to the extent strictly necessary to exercise its rights and comply with obligations under this Article, to the networks, information systems and databases listed in Annex IV. The United Kingdom shall reimburse the Union for the actual costs incurred by the Union as a consequence of facilitating that access. The Union shall communicate to the United Kingdom the amount of those costs by 31 March of each year until the end of the period referred to in Annex IV. In the event that the communicated amount of the actual costs incurred considerably diverges from the best estimates amount that was communicated by the Union to the United Kingdom before the signature of this Agreement, the United Kingdom shall pay without delay to the Union the best estimates amount and the Joint Committee shall determine the manner in which the difference between the actual costs incurred and the best estimates amount is to be addressed.

ARTICLE 101 — Definitions
1. For the purposes of this Title, &#34;members of the institutions&#34; means, irrespective of their nationality, the President of the European Council, the members of the European Commission, the Judges, the Advocates-General, the Registrars and the Assistant Rapporteurs of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the members of the Court of Auditors, the members of the organs of the European Central Bank, the members of the organs of the European Investment Bank, as well as all other persons assimilated to any of those categories of persons under Union law for the purposes of Protocol (No 7) on the Privileges and Immunities of the European Union (&#34;Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities&#34;). The term &#34;members of the institutions&#34; does not include members of the European Parliament.

2. Regulation (EURATOM, ECSC, EEC) No 549/69 of the Council shall apply to determine the categories of officials and other servants covered by Articles 110 to 113 of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 102 — Inviolability
Article 1 of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities shall apply in respect of premises, buildings, property and assets of the Union in the United Kingdom used by the Union before the end of the transition period, until they are no longer in official use or have been removed from the United Kingdom. The Union shall notify the United Kingdom when its premises, buildings, property or assets are no longer in such use or have been removed from the United Kingdom.

ARTICLE 103 — Archives
Article 2 of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities shall apply in respect of all archives of the Union in the United Kingdom at the end of the transition period, until they have been removed from the United Kingdom. The Union shall notify the United Kingdom of the removal of any of its archives from the United Kingdom.

ARTICLE 104 — Taxation
Article 3 of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities shall apply in respect of the Union's assets, revenues and other property in the United Kingdom at the end of the transition period, until they are no longer in official use or have been removed from the United Kingdom.

ARTICLE 105 — Communications
Article 5 of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities shall apply in the United Kingdom in respect of the official communications, official correspondence, and transmission of documents in relation to activities of the Union pursuant to this Agreement.

ARTICLE 106 — Immunity of members of the European Parliament
Article 8 of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities shall apply in the United Kingdom in respect of opinions expressed or votes cast before the end of the transition period by members of the European Parliament, including former members, irrespective of their nationality, in the performance of their duties.

ARTICLE 107 — Social security
Former members of the European Parliament, irrespective of their nationality, who draw a pension in that capacity, as well as persons entitled to survivor's pensions as survivors of former members, irrespective of their nationality, shall be exempted from obligatory affiliation to and payment into national social security systems in the United Kingdom, under the same conditions as were applicable on the last day of the transition period, provided that the former members of the European Parliament were members of the European Parliament before the end of the transition period.

ARTICLE 108 — Avoidance of double taxation on pensions and transitional allowances
Articles 12, 13 and 14 of Decision 2005/684/EC, Euratom of the European Parliament shall apply in the United Kingdom in respect of pensions and transitional allowances paid to former members of the European Parliament, irrespective of their nationality, and Article 17 of that Decision shall apply in respect of persons entitled to survivor's pensions as survivors of former members, irrespective of their nationality, to the extent that the entitlement to a pension or transitional allowance was earned before the end of the transition period.

ARTICLE 109 — Privileges, immunities and facilities
1. Article 10 of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities shall apply in the United Kingdom in respect of representatives of Member States and of the United Kingdom who take part in the work of the institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union, of their advisers and technical experts, and of members of the advisory bodies of the Union, irrespective of their nationality, as regards their participation in such work:

(a) that took place before the end of the transition period;

(b) that takes place after the end of the transition period in connection with activities of the Union pursuant to this Agreement.

2. Article 10 of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities shall apply in the Union in respect of representatives of the United Kingdom who take part in the work of the institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union, and of their advisers and technical experts, as regards their participation in such work:

(a) that took place before the end of the transition period;

(b) that takes place after the end of the transition period in connection with activities of the Union pursuant to this Agreement.

ARTICLE 110 — Privileges and Immunities
1. Article 11(a) of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities shall apply in the United Kingdom in respect of acts performed, including in respect of their words spoken or written, by members of the institutions, officials and other servants of the Union, including former members, former officials and former other servants, of any nationality, in their official capacity:

(a) before the end of the transition period;

(b) after the end of the transition period in connection with activities of the Union pursuant to this Agreement.

2. The first, second and third paragraphs of Article 3 of Protocol (No 3) on the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union shall apply in the United Kingdom in respect of the Judges of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Advocates-General until the decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union in all proceedings and requests for preliminary rulings referred to in Articles 86 and 87 of this Agreement have become final, and shall apply thereafter, including in respect of former Judges and former Advocates-General, as regards all acts performed by them in their official capacity, including words spoken or written, before the end of the transition period or in relation to the proceedings referred to in Articles 86 and 87.

3. Article 11(b) to (e) of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities shall apply in the United Kingdom in respect of officials and other servants of the Union of any nationality, as well as in respect of their spouses and dependent members of their families, irrespective of their nationality, if those officials or other servants entered the service of the Union before the end of the transition period, until those persons have completed their relocation to the Union.

ARTICLE 111 — Taxation
Article 12 of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities shall apply in the United Kingdom in respect of members of the institutions, officials and other servants of the Union of any nationality, including former members, former officials and former other servants, if those members, officials or other servants entered the service of the Union before the end of the transition period, provided that the persons concerned are liable to pay tax for the benefit of the Union on the salaries, wages, emoluments and pensions paid to them by the Union.

ARTICLE 112 — Domicile for tax purposes
1. Article 13 of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities shall apply in respect of members of the institutions, officials and other servants of the Union of any nationality, who entered the service of the Union before the end of the transition period, as well as, irrespective of their nationality, in respect of spouses not separately engaged in a gainful occupation and children who are dependent on and in the care of such members, officials or other servants.

2. Paragraph 1 shall apply only in respect of persons who established their residence in a Member State solely by reason of the performance of their duties in the service of the Union and who had their domicile in the United Kingdom for tax purposes at the time of entering the service of the Union, and in respect of persons who established their residence in the United Kingdom solely by reason of the performance of their duties in the service of the Union and who had their domicile for tax purposes in a Member State at the time of entering the service of the Union.

ARTICLE 113 — Social security contributions
Members of the institutions, officials and other servants of the Union of any nationality, including former members, former officials and former other servants, who entered the service of the Union before the end of the transition period and who reside in the United Kingdom, as well as, irrespective of their nationality, spouses not separately engaged in a gainful occupation and children who are dependent on and in the care of such members, officials or other servants, shall be exempted from obligatory affiliation to and payment into national social security systems in the United Kingdom, under the same conditions as were applicable on the last day of the transition period, provided that the persons concerned are affiliated to the social security scheme of the Union.

ARTICLE 114 — Transfer of pension rights
In respect of officials and other servants of the Union of any nationality, including former officials and former other servants, who entered the service of the Union before the end of the transition period and who seek to transfer pension rights out of or into the United Kingdom pursuant to Article 11(1), (2) or (3) and Article 12 of Annex VIII to the Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Union or Articles 39, 109 and 135 of the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants of the European Union, the obligations of the United Kingdom shall be the same as those existing before the end of the transition period.

ARTICLE 115 — Unemployment insurance
Articles 28a, 96, and 136 of the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants of the European Union shall apply in respect of other servants of the Union of any nationality, including former other servants, who contributed to the Union's unemployment scheme before the end of the transition period if they reside in the United Kingdom and are registered with the unemployment authorities of the United Kingdom after the end of the transition period.

ARTICLE 116 — Waiver of immunities and cooperation
1. Articles 17 and 18 of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities shall apply in respect of privileges, immunities and facilities accorded by this Title.

2. When taking a decision under Article 17 of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities on whether to waive immunity upon the request of the authorities of the United Kingdom, the Union shall afford the same consideration as it affords to requests from the authorities of the Member States in comparable situations.

3. Upon the request of the authorities of the United Kingdom, the Union shall notify those authorities of the status of any person which is relevant to that person's entitlement to a privilege or immunity under this Title.

ARTICLE 117 — European Central Bank
1. This Title shall apply in respect of the European Central Bank (&#34;ECB&#34;), the members of its organs, its staff, and the representatives of the national central banks in the European System of Central Banks (&#34;ESCB&#34;) who take part in the activities of the ECB.

2. The second paragraph of Article 22 of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities shall apply in respect of the ECB, the members of its organs, its staff, the representatives of the national central banks in the ESCB who take part in the activities of the ECB, and any property, assets and operations of the ECB in the United Kingdom held, managed or conducted pursuant to Protocol (No 4) on the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank.

3. Paragraph 2 shall apply in respect of:

(a) such property and assets of the ECB that are held in the United Kingdom at the end of the transition period; and

(b) such operations of the ECB in the United Kingdom or with United Kingdom counterparts, and ancillary activities related thereto, that were ongoing at the end of the transition period, or that are initiated after the end of the transition period as part of its activities to sustain operations that were ongoing at the end of the transition period, until their final maturity, disposal or completion.

ARTICLE 118 — European Investment Bank
1. This Title shall apply in respect of the European Investment Bank (&#34;EIB&#34;), the members of its organs, its staff and the representatives of the Member States who take part in its activities, as well as to any subsidiaries or any other entities established by the EIB before the end of the transition period in accordance with Article 28(1) of Protocol (No 5) on the Statute of the European Investment Bank, in particular the European Investment Fund.

2. The second paragraph of Article 21 of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities shall apply in respect of the EIB, the members of its organs, its staff and the representatives of the Member States who take part in its activities, as well as to any subsidiaries or any other entities established by the EIB before the end of the transition period in accordance with Article 28(1) of Protocol (No 5) on the Statute of the European Investment Bank, in particular the European Investment Fund.

3. Paragraph 2 shall apply in respect of:

(a) such property and assets of the EIB or of any subsidiaries and other entities established by the EIB before the end of the transition period in accordance with Article 28(1) of Protocol (No 5) on the Statute of the European Investment Bank, in particular the European Investment Fund, that are held in the United Kingdom at the end of the transition period; and

(b) such borrowing, financing, guarantee, investment, treasury and technical assistance operations of the EIB and of any subsidiaries and other entities established by the EIB before the end of the transition period in accordance with Article 28(1) of Protocol (No 5) on the Statute of the European Investment Bank, in particular the European Investment Fund, in the United Kingdom or with United Kingdom counterparts, and ancillary activities related thereto, that were ongoing at the end of the transition period or that are initiated after the end of the transition period, as part of their activities to sustain operations that were ongoing at the end of the transition period until their final maturity, disposure, or completion.

ARTICLE 119 — Host agreements
The Headquarters Agreement between the United Kingdom and the European Banking Authority of 8 May 2012, the Exchange of Letters concerning the Application in the United Kingdom of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities of the European Communities to the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products of 24 June 1996, and the Agreement on the Hosting of the Galileo Security Monitoring Centre of 17 July 2013 shall apply, respectively, to the European Banking Authority, the European Medicines Agency and the Galileo Security Monitoring Centre, until their relocation to a Member State is completed. The date of notification by the Union of the completion date of the relocation shall constitute the termination date of those host agreements.

ARTICLE 120 — Obligation of professional secrecy
Article 339 TFEU and other provisions of Union law that impose an obligation of professional secrecy on certain individuals and institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union shall apply in the United Kingdom in respect of any information of the kind covered by obligations of professional secrecy either obtained before the end of the transition period or obtained after the end of the transition period in connection with activities of the Union pursuant to this Agreement. The United Kingdom shall respect such obligations of individuals and institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and shall ensure that they are complied with in its territory.

ARTICLE 121 — Obligation of professional discretion
Article 19 of the Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Union and other provisions of Union law that impose an obligation of professional discretion on certain individuals shall apply in the United Kingdom in respect of any information either obtained before the end of the transition period or obtained after the end of the transition period in connection with activities of the Union pursuant to this Agreement. The United Kingdom shall respect such obligations of individuals and shall ensure that they are complied with in its territory.

ARTICLE 122 — Access to documents
1. For the purposes of the provisions of Union law on access to documents of the institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union, all references to Member States and their authorities shall be understood as including the United Kingdom and its authorities in respect of documents drawn up by or obtained by the institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union:

(a) before the end of the transition period; or

(b) after the end of the transition period in connection with activities of the Union pursuant to this Agreement.

2. Article 5 and Article 9(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Article 5 of Decision ECB/2004/3 of the European Central Bank shall apply in the United Kingdom in respect of all documents falling within the scope of those provisions obtained by the United Kingdom:

(a) before the end of the transition period; or

(b) after the end of the transition period in connection with activities of the Union pursuant to this Agreement.

ARTICLE 123 — European Central Bank
1. Articles 9.1, 17, 35.1, 35.2, and 35.4 of Protocol (No 4) on the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank, shall apply in respect of the ECB, the members of its organs, its staff, the representatives of the national central banks in the ESCB who take part in the activities of the ECB, and any property, assets and operations of the ECB in the United Kingdom held, managed or conducted pursuant to that Protocol. The ECB shall be exempt from requirements to register in the United Kingdom or to obtain any form of licence, permit or other authorisation or permission from the United Kingdom to carry out its operations.

2. Paragraph 1 shall apply in respect of:

(a) such property and assets of the ECB that are held in the United Kingdom at the end of the transition period; and

(b) such operations of the ECB in the United Kingdom or with United Kingdom counterparts, and ancillary activities related thereto, that were ongoing at the end of the transition period, or that are initiated after the end of the transition period as part of its activities to sustain operations that were ongoing at the end of the transition period, until their final maturity, disposal or completion.

ARTICLE 124 — European Investment Bank
1. Article 13, Articles 20(2), 23(1), 23(4) and Article 26 and the first paragraph of Article 27 of Protocol (No 5) on the Statute of the European Investment Bank shall apply in respect of the EIB, the members of its organs, its staff and the representatives of the Member States who take part in its activities, as well as to any subsidiaries or any other entities established by the EIB before the end of the transition period in accordance with Article 28(1) of that Protocol, in particular the European Investment Fund. The EIB and the European Investment Fund shall be exempt from requirements to register in the United Kingdom or to obtain any form of licence, permit or other authorisation or permission from the United Kingdom to carry out their operations. The currency of the United Kingdom shall remain freely transferable and convertible, subject to Article 23(2) of Protocol (No 5) on the Statute of the European Investment Bank in respect of the convertibility of the currency of the United Kingdom into a currency of a non-Member State, for the purposes of such operations.

2. Paragraph 1 shall apply in respect of:

(a) such property and assets of the EIB or of any subsidiaries and other entities established by the EIB before the end of the transition period in accordance with Article 28(1) of Protocol (No 5) on the Statute of the European Investment Bank, in particular the European Investment Fund, that are held in the United Kingdom at the end of the transition period; and

(b) such borrowing, financing, guarantee, investment, treasury and technical assistance operations of the EIB or of any subsidiaries and other entities established by the EIB before the end of the transition period in accordance with Article 28(1) of Protocol (No 5) on the Statute of the European Investment Bank, in particular the European Investment Fund, in the United Kingdom or with United Kingdom counterparts, and ancillary activities related thereto, that were ongoing at the end of the transition period or that are initiated after the end of the transition period, as part of their activities to sustain operations that were ongoing at the end of the transition period until their final maturity, disposure, or completion.

ARTICLE 125 — European Schools
1. The United Kingdom shall be bound by the Convention defining the Statute of the European Schools, as well as by the Regulations on Accredited European Schools adopted by the Board of Governors of the European Schools, until the end of the school year that is ongoing at the end of the transition period.

2. The United Kingdom shall, with respect to pupils who before 31 August 2021 acquired a European baccalaureate and to pupils who are enrolled in a cycle of secondary studies in a European School before 31 August 2021 and acquire a European baccalaureate after that date, ensure that such pupils enjoy the rights provided for in Article 5(2) of the Convention defining the Statute of the European Schools.

=PART FOUR — TRANSITION=

ARTICLE 126 — Transition period
There shall be a transition or implementation period, which shall start on the date of entry into force of this Agreement and end on 31 December 2020.

ARTICLE 127 — Scope of the transition
1. Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, Union law shall be applicable to and in the United Kingdom during the transition period.

However, the following provisions of the Treaties, and acts adopted by the institutions, bodies, offices or agencies of the Union, shall not be applicable to and in the United Kingdom during the transition period:

(a) provisions of the Treaties and acts which, pursuant to Protocol (No 15) on certain provisions relating to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Protocol (No 19) on the Schengen acquis integrated into the framework of the European Union or Protocol (No 21) on the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland in respect of the area of freedom, security and justice, or pursuant to the provisions of the Treaties on enhanced cooperation, were not binding upon and in the United Kingdom before the date of entry into force of this Agreement as well as acts amending such acts;

(b) Article 11(4) TEU, point (b) of Article 20(2), Article 22 and the first paragraph of Article 24 TFEU, Articles 39 and 40 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, and the acts adopted on the basis of those provisions.

2. In the event that the Union and the United Kingdom reach an agreement governing their future relationship in the areas of the Common Foreign and Security Policy and the Common Security and Defence Policy which becomes applicable during the transition period, Chapter 2 of Title V of the TEU and the acts adopted on the basis of those provisions shall cease to apply to the United Kingdom from the date of application of that agreement.

3. During the transition period, the Union law applicable pursuant to paragraph 1 shall produce in respect of and in the United Kingdom the same legal effects as those which it produces within the Union and its Member States, and shall be interpreted and applied in accordance with the same methods and general principles as those applicable within the Union.

4. The United Kingdom shall not participate in any enhanced cooperation:

(a) in relation to which authorisation was granted after the date of entry into force of this Agreement; or

(b) within the framework of which no acts were adopted before the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

5. During the transition period, in relation to measures which amend, build upon or replace an existing measure adopted pursuant to Title V of Part Three of the TFEU by which the United Kingdom is bound before the date of entry into force of this Agreement, Article 5 of Protocol (No 19) on the Schengen acquis integrated into the framework of the European Union and Article 4a of Protocol (No 21) on the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland in respect of the area of freedom, security and justice shall continue to apply mutatis mutandis. The United Kingdom shall not, however, have the right to notify its wish to take part in the application of new measures pursuant to Title V of Part Three of the TFEU other than those measures referred to in Article 4a of Protocol No 21.

In order to support continuing cooperation between the Union and the United Kingdom, under the conditions set out for cooperation with third countries in the relevant measures, the Union may invite the United Kingdom to cooperate in relation to new measures adopted under Title V of Part III TFEU.

6. Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, during the transition period, any reference to Member States in the Union law applicable pursuant to paragraph 1, including as implemented and applied by Member States, shall be understood as including the United Kingdom.

7. By way of derogation from paragraph 6:

(a) for the purposes of Article 42(6) and Article 46 TEU and of Protocol (No 10) on permanent structured cooperation established by Article 42 TEU, any references to Member States shall be understood as not including the United Kingdom. This shall not preclude the possibility for the United Kingdom to be invited to participate as a third country in individual projects under the conditions set out in Council Decision (CFSP) 2017/2315 on an exceptional basis, or in any other form of cooperation to the extent allowed and under the conditions set out by future Union acts adopted on the basis of Article 42(6) and Article 46 TEU;

(b) where acts of the Union provide for the participation of Member States, nationals of Member States or natural or legal persons residing or established in a Member State in an information exchange, procedure or programme which continues to be implemented or which starts after the end of the transition period, and where such participation would grant access to security-related sensitive information that only Member States, nationals of Member States, or natural or legal persons residing or established in a Member State, are to have knowledge of, in such exceptional circumstances the references to Member States in such Union acts shall be understood as not including the United Kingdom. The Union shall notify the United Kingdom of the application of this derogation;

(c) for the purposes of the recruitment of officials and other servants of the institutions, bodies, offices or agencies of the Union, any references to Member States in Articles 27 and 28(a) of the Staff Regulations and in Article 1 of Annex X thereto and in Articles 12, 82 and 128 of the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants of the European Union, or in the relevant provisions of other staff rules applicable to those institutions, bodies, offices or agencies, shall be understood as not including the United Kingdom.

ARTICLE 128 — Institutional arrangements
1. Notwithstanding Article 127, during the transition period Article 7 shall apply.

2. For the purposes of the Treaties, during the transition period, the parliament of the United Kingdom shall not be considered to be a national parliament of a Member State, except as regards Article 1 of Protocol (No 1) on the role of national parliaments in the European Union and, in respect of proposals which are in the public domain, Article 2 of that Protocol.

3. During the transition period, provisions of the Treaties which grant institutional rights to Member States enabling them to submit proposals, initiatives or requests to the institutions shall be understood as not including the United Kingdom.

4. For the purposes of participation in the institutional arrangements laid down in Articles 282 and 283 TFEU and in Protocol (No 4) on the Statute of the European system of central banks and of the European Central Bank, with the exception of Article 21(2) of that Protocol, during the transition period, the Bank of England shall not be considered to be a national central bank of a Member State.

5. By way of derogation from paragraph 1 of this Article and from Article 7, during the transition period, representatives or experts of the United Kingdom, or experts designated by the United Kingdom, may, upon invitation, exceptionally attend meetings or parts of meetings of the committees referred to in Article 3(2) of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011, meetings or parts of meetings of Commission expert groups, meetings or parts of meetings of other similar entities, and meetings or parts of meetings of bodies, offices or agencies, where and when representatives or experts of the Member States or experts designated by Member States take part, provided that one of the following conditions is fulfilled:

(a) the discussion concerns individual acts to be addressed during the transition period to the United Kingdom or to natural or legal persons residing or established in the United Kingdom;

(b) the presence of the United Kingdom is necessary and in the interest of the Union, in particular for the effective implementation of Union law during the transition period.

During such meetings or parts of meetings, the representatives or experts of the United Kingdom or experts designated by the United Kingdom shall have no voting rights and their presence shall be limited to the specific agenda items that fulfil the conditions set out in point (a) or (b).

6. During the transition period, the United Kingdom shall not act as leading authority for risk assessments, examinations, approvals or authorisations at the level of the Union or at the level of Member States acting jointly as referred to in the acts and provisions listed in Annex VII.

7. During the transition period, where draft Union acts identify or refer directly to specific Member State authorities, procedures, or documents, the United Kingdom shall be consulted by the Union on such drafts, with a view to ensuring the proper implementation and application of those acts by and in the United Kingdom.

ARTICLE 129 — Specific arrangements relating to the Union's external action
1. Without prejudice to Article 127(2), during the transition period, the United Kingdom shall be bound by the obligations stemming from the international agreements concluded by the Union, by Member States acting on its behalf, or by the Union and its Member States acting jointly, as referred to in point (a)(iv) of Article 2.

2. During the transition period, representatives of the United Kingdom shall not participate in the work of any bodies set up by international agreements concluded by the Union, or by Member States acting on its behalf, or by the Union and its Member States acting jointly, unless:

(a) the United Kingdom participates in its own right; or

(b) the Union exceptionally invites the United Kingdom to attend, as part of the Union's delegation, meetings or parts of meetings of such bodies, where the Union considers that the presence of the United Kingdom is necessary and in the interest of the Union, in particular for the effective implementation of those agreements during the transition period; such presence shall only be allowed where Member States participation is permitted under the applicable agreements.

3. In accordance with the principle of sincere cooperation, the United Kingdom shall refrain, during the transition period, from any action or initiative which is likely to be prejudicial to the Union's interests, in particular in the framework of any international organisation, agency, conference or forum of which the United Kingdom is a party in its own right.

4. Notwithstanding paragraph 3, during the transition period, the United Kingdom may negotiate, sign and ratify international agreements entered into in its own capacity in the areas of exclusive competence of the Union, provided those agreements do not enter into force or apply during the transition period, unless so authorised by the Union.

5. Without prejudice to Article 127(2), whenever there is a need for coordination, the United Kingdom may be consulted, on a case-by-case basis.

6. Following a decision of the Council falling under Chapter 2 of Title V TEU, the United Kingdom may make a formal declaration to the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, indicating that, for vital and stated reasons of national policy, in those exceptional cases it will not apply the decision. In a spirit of mutual solidarity, the United Kingdom shall refrain from any action likely to conflict with or impede Union action based on that decision, and the Member States shall respect the position of the United Kingdom.

7. During the transition period, the United Kingdom shall not provide commanders of civilian operations, heads of mission, operation commanders or force commanders for missions or operations conducted under Articles 42, 43 and 44 TEU, nor shall it provide the operational headquarters for such missions or operations, or serve as framework nation for Union battlegroups. During the transition period, the United Kingdom shall not provide the head of any operational actions under Article 28 TEU.

ARTICLE 130 — Specific arrangements relating to fishing opportunities
1. As regards the fixing of fishing opportunities within the meaning of Article 43(3) TFEU for any period falling within the transition period, the United Kingdom shall be consulted in respect of the fishing opportunities related to the United Kingdom, including in the context of the preparation of relevant international consultations and negotiations.

2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the Union shall offer the opportunity to the United Kingdom to provide comments on the Annual Communication from the European Commission on fishing opportunities, the scientific advice from the relevant scientific bodies and the proposals from the European Commission for fishing opportunities for any period falling within the transition period.

3. Notwithstanding point (b) of Article 129(2), with a view to allowing the United Kingdom to prepare its future membership in relevant international fora, the Union may exceptionally invite the United Kingdom to attend, as part of the Union's delegation, international consultations and negotiations referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, to the extent allowed for Member States and permitted by the specific forum.

4. Without prejudice to Article 127(1), the relative stability keys for the allocation of fishing opportunities referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be maintained.

ARTICLE 131 — Supervision and enforcement
During the transition period, the institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union shall have the powers conferred upon them by Union law in relation to the United Kingdom and to natural and legal persons residing or established in the United Kingdom. In particular, the Court of Justice of the European Union shall have jurisdiction as provided for in the Treaties.

The first paragraph shall also apply during the transition period as regards the interpretation and application of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 132 — Extension of the transition period
1. Notwithstanding Article 126, the Joint Committee may, before 1 July 2020, adopt a single decision extending the transition period for up to 1 or 2 years.

2. In the event that the Joint Committee adopts a decision under paragraph 1, the following shall apply:

(a) by way of derogation from Article 127(6), the United Kingdom shall be considered as a third country for the purposes of the implementation of the Union programmes and activities committed under the multiannual financial framework applying as from the year 2021;

(b) by way of derogation from Article 127(1) and without prejudice to Part Five of this Agreement, the applicable Union law concerning the Union's own resources relating to the financial years covered by the extension of the transition period shall not apply to the United Kingdom after 31 December 2020;

(c) by way of derogation from Article 127(1) of this Agreement, Articles 107, 108 and 109 TFEU shall not apply to measures of the United Kingdom authorities, including on rural development, supporting the production of and trade in agricultural products in the United Kingdom up to an annual level of support which shall not be more than the total amount of expenditure incurred in the United Kingdom under the Common Agricultural Policy in 2019, and provided that a minimum percentage of that exempted support complies with the provisions of Annex 2 to the WTO Agreement on Agriculture. Such minimum percentage shall be determined on the basis of the last available percentage by which the overall expenditure under the Common Agricultural Policy in the Union complied with the provisions of Annex 2 to the WTO Agreement on Agriculture. In the event that the period by which the transition period is extended is not a multiple of 12 months, the maximum annual level of exempted support in the year for which the extended transition period covers less than 12 months shall be reduced pro rata;

(d) for the period from 1 January 2021 to the end of the transition period, the United Kingdom shall make a contribution to the Union budget, as determined in accordance with paragraph 3;

(e) subject to point (d) of paragraph 3, Part Five of this Agreement shall not be affected.

3. A decision of the Joint Committee under paragraph 1 shall:

(a) establish the appropriate amount of the contribution of the United Kingdom to the Union budget for the period from 1 January 2021 to the end of the transition period, taking into account the status of the United Kingdom during that period, as well as the modalities of payment of that amount;

(b) specify the maximum level of exempted support, as well as the minimum percentage thereof that shall comply with the provisions of Annex 2 to the WTO Agreement on Agriculture, as referred to in point (c) of paragraph 2;

(c) lay down any other measure necessary for the implementation of paragraph 2;

(d) adapt the dates or periods referred to in Articles 51, 62, 63, 84, 96, 125, 141, 156, 157 and Annexes IV and V to reflect the extension of the transition period.

=PART FIVE — FINANCIAL PROVISIONS=

ARTICLE 133 — Currency to be used between the Union and the United Kingdom
Without prejudice to the applicable Union law concerning the Union's own resources, all amounts, liabilities, calculations, accounts and payments referred to in this Part shall be drawn up and implemented in euro.

ARTICLE 134 — Facility offered to auditors in relation to the financial provisions
The United Kingdom shall inform the Union about the entities it has entrusted to carry out its audit of the implementation of the financial provisions covered by this Part.

On the United Kingdom's request, the Union shall provide those entrusted entities with any information that may reasonably be requested as regards the United Kingdom's rights and obligations under this Part and shall provide them with adequate assistance to allow them to accomplish their task. In providing information and assistance under this Article, the Union shall act in accordance with applicable Union law, in particular with Union rules on data protection.

The authorities of the United Kingdom and of the Union may agree on appropriate administrative arrangements to facilitate the application of the first and second paragraphs.

ARTICLE 135 — The United Kingdom's contribution to and participation in the implementation of the Union budgets for the years 2019 and 2020
1. For the years 2019 and 2020, in accordance with Part Four, the United Kingdom shall contribute to and participate in the implementation of the Union budgets.

2. By way of derogation from Part Four, amendments to Council Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 1311/2013 or Decision 2014/335/EU, Euratom that are adopted on or after the date of entry into force of this Agreement shall not apply to the United Kingdom insofar as those amendments have an impact on the United Kingdom's financial obligations.

ARTICLE 136 — Provisions applicable after 31 December 2020 in relation to own resources
1. The applicable Union law concerning the Union's own resources relating to financial years until 2020 shall continue to apply to the United Kingdom after 31 December 2020, including where the own resources concerned are to be made available, corrected or subject to adjustments after that date.

2. Without prejudice to Article 135(2), the Union law referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall include in particular the following acts and provisions, including any amendment thereto, irrespective of the date of adoption, entry into force or application of the amendment:

(a) Decision 2014/335/EU, Euratom;

(b) Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 609/2014, and in particular Article 12 thereof in relation to the interest on amounts made available belatedly and Article 11 thereof in relation to the handling of the opt-out;

(c) Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 608/2014 and in particular Article 1 thereof in relation to the calculation of the balance and Articles 2 to 8 thereof in relation to the implementing measures for the system of own resources;

(d) Council Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No 1553/89 ;

(e) Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1287/2003 ;

(f) Commission Implementing Decision (EU, Euratom) 2018/195 ;

(g) Commission Implementing Decision (EU, Euratom) 2018/194 ;

(h) Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 of the European Parliament and of the Council (the &#34;Financial Regulation&#34;);

(i) Article 287 TFEU on the role of the Court of Auditors as well as other rules concerning that institution;

(j) Article 325 TFEU on combatting fraud and related acts, in particular Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 883/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 2988/95 ;

(k) the annual budgets for the financial years until 2020 or, in the event that the annual budget has not been adopted, the rules applicable in accordance with Article 315 TFEU.

3. By way of derogation from paragraphs 1 and 2, the following rules shall apply to the United Kingdom after 31 December 2020:

(a) any amounts resulting, in respect of the United Kingdom, from adjustments to own resources entered into the budget and from adjustments related to the surplus or deficit, in relation to the financing of the Union budgets until 2020 in accordance with the Union law referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, shall be due by or to the United Kingdom;

(b) if, in accordance with the applicable Union law concerning the Union's own resources, the date on which the own resources are to be made available is after 28 February 2021, the payment shall be made on the earliest date referred to in Article 148(1) following the date on which the own resources are to be made available;

(c) for the purpose of payment by the United Kingdom of traditional own resources after 28 February 2021, the amount of entitlements established in accordance with Article 2 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 609/2014 after the reduction of the collection costs in accordance with Articles 2(3) and 10(3) of Decision 2014/335/EU, Euratom shall be reduced by the United Kingdom's share of this amount;

(d) by way of derogation from Article 7 of this Agreement, the representatives or experts of the United Kingdom, or experts designated by the United Kingdom may, upon invitation, exceptionally attend, without voting rights, the meetings of any committee established by the applicable Union law referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, such as the meetings of the Advisory Committee on Own Resources established by Article 7 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 608/2014 or the GNI Committee established by Article 4 of Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1287/2003, to the extent that the work of such committees concerns the financial years until 2020;

(e) any correction or adjustment to the own resources based on VAT and gross national income shall only be made if the relevant measures pursuant to the provisions referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 are decided upon no later than 31 December 2028;

(f) the separate account for traditional own resources referred to in the second subparagraph of Article 6(3) of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 609/2014 shall be fully liquidated by 31 December 2025. Prior to 20 February 2026, a share of the amounts still in that account on 31 December 2025 and not being subject to European Commission inspection findings communicated prior to that date under the own resources legislation shall be made available to the Union budget corresponding to the share of the amounts made available to the Union on the amounts reported by the United Kingdom to the European Commission in the framework of the procedure laid down in Article 13 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 609/2014 during the period between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2020.

ARTICLE 137 — The United Kingdom's participation in the implementation of the Union programmes and activities in 2019 and 2020
1. In accordance with Part Four, the Union programmes and activities committed under the multiannual financial framework for the years 2014-2020 (&#34;MFF 2014-2020&#34;) or previous financial perspectives shall be implemented in 2019 and 2020 with regard to the United Kingdom on the basis of the applicable Union law.

Regulation (EU) No 1307/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council as applicable in the year 2020 shall not apply in the United Kingdom for claim year 2020. However, Article 13 of that Regulation shall apply in respect of the United Kingdom direct payments scheme for claim year 2020, provided that such scheme is equivalent to the scheme of Regulation (EU) No 1307/2013, as applicable in the year 2020.

2. By way of derogation from Part Four, the United Kingdom and projects located in the United Kingdom shall only be eligible for financial operations carried out within financial instruments managed directly or indirectly under Title X of the Financial Regulation or financial operations guaranteed by the Union budget under the European Fund for Strategic Investments (EFSI) established by Regulation (EU) 2015/1017 of the European Parliament and of the Council and the European Fund for Sustainable Development (EFSD) established by Regulation (EU) 2017/1601 of the European Parliament and of the Council, provided that those financial operations were approved by the entities and bodies, including the EIB and the European Investment Fund (&#34;EIF&#34;), or by persons entrusted with the implementation of part of those actions before the date of entry into force of this Agreement, even if the signature of those financial operations took place after that date. In relation to those financial operations approved after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, entities established in the United Kingdom shall be treated as entities located outside the Union.

====ARTICLE 138 — Union law applicable after 31 December 2020 in relation to the United Kingdom's participation in the implementation of the Union programmes and activities committed under the MFF 2014-2020 or previous financial perspectives====

1. In respect of the implementation of the Union programmes and activities committed under the MFF 2014-2020 or previous financial perspectives, applicable Union law, including the rules on financial corrections and on clearance of accounts, shall continue to apply to the United Kingdom after 31 December 2020 until the closure of those Union programmes and activities.

2. The applicable Union law referred to in paragraph 1 shall include in particular the following provisions, including any amendments to those provisions, irrespective of the date of adoption, entry into force or application of the amendment:

(a) the Financial Regulation;

(b) the basic acts, within the meaning of point (4) of Article 2 of the Financial Regulation, establishing Union programmes or activities referred to in the budget remarks concerning titles, chapters, articles or items under which the appropriations have been committed;

(c) Article 299 TFEU on the enforceability of pecuniary obligations;

(d) Article 287 TFEU on the role of the Court of Auditors as well as other rules concerning that institution;

(e) Article 325 TFEU on combatting fraud and related acts, in particular Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 883/2013 and Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 2988/95.

3. By way of derogation from Article 7, the representatives or experts of the United Kingdom, or experts designated by the United Kingdom, may, upon invitation, exceptionally attend, without voting rights, meetings of the committees that assist the European Commission in the implementation and management of the programmes established by Union law referred to in paragraph 1 or established by the European Commission in respect of the implementation of that law, to the extent that their work concerns the financial years until 2020.

4. By way of derogation from Article 8, the United Kingdom shall have access, to the extent strictly necessary for the implementation of the programmes and activities referred to in point (b) of paragraph 2, to the networks, information systems and the databases established under the relevant basic acts or by the related implementation rules derived from those basic acts.

5. On a proposal from the Committee on the financial provisions referred to in point (f) of Article 165(1), the Joint Committee may adopt, in conformity with the rules established in Article 166, technical measures to facilitate the closure of the programmes and activities referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article or to exempt the United Kingdom from obligations to take actions, during or after the closure of those programmes and activities, which are not relevant for a former Member State, provided that such technical measures respect the principle of sound financial management and do not result in an advantage in favour of the United Kingdom or the United Kingdom beneficiaries compared to Member States or third countries participating in the same programmes and activities financed by the Union budget.

ARTICLE 139 — Share of the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom's share referred to in points (a) and (c) of Article 136(3), and in Articles 140 to 147 shall be a percentage calculated as the ratio between the own resources made available by the United Kingdom in the years 2014 to 2020 and the own resources made available during that period by all Member States and the United Kingdom as adjusted by the amount communicated to the Member States before 1 February 2022 in accordance with Article 10b(5) of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 609/2014.

ARTICLE 140 — Outstanding commitments
1. Unless otherwise provided for in this Agreement, the United Kingdom shall be liable to the Union for the United Kingdom's share of the budgetary commitments of the Union budget and the budgets of the Union decentralised agencies outstanding on 31 December 2020 and for the United Kingdom's share of the commitments made in 2021 on the carryover of commitment appropriations from the budget for 2020.

The first subparagraph shall not apply to the following commitments outstanding on 31 December 2020:

(a) those commitments related to the programmes and bodies to which Article 11 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 609/2014 applies with regard to the United Kingdom;

(b) those commitments financed by assigned revenue in the Union budget.

With regard to the Union's decentralised agencies, the amount of their commitments referred to in the first subparagraph shall only be taken into account in proportion to the share of contributions from the Union budget in their overall revenues for the period 2014-2020.

2. The Union shall calculate the amount of commitments referred to in paragraph 1 on 31 December 2020. It shall communicate that amount to the United Kingdom by 31 March 2021, adding a list with the reference key of each commitment, the associated budget lines, and the amount for each associated budget line.

3. The Union shall, by 31 March of each year, starting in 2022, with regard to the commitments referred to in paragraph 1, communicate to the United Kingdom:

(a) information on the amount of commitments outstanding on 31 December of the previous year and on the payments and decommitments made in the previous year, including an update of the list referred to in paragraph 2;

(b) an estimate of the expected payments in the current year based on the level of payment appropriations in the budget;

(c) an estimate of the expected contribution of the United Kingdom to the payments referred to in point (b); and

(d) other information, such as a medium term payment forecast.

4. The annual amount payable shall be calculated as the United Kingdom's share of the estimate referred to in point (b) of paragraph 3 adjusted by the difference between the payments made by the United Kingdom in the previous year and the United Kingdom's share of the payments made by the Union in the previous year on the outstanding commitments referred to in paragraph 1, reduced by the amount of net financial corrections in relation to programmes and activities financed under the MFF 2014-2020 or previous financial perspectives and reduced by the proceeds of any infringement procedures concerning the failure of a Member State to make available own resources related to financial years until 2020, provided that those amounts have been received by the budget in the previous year and are definitive. The annual amount payable by the United Kingdom shall not be adjusted in the given year.

In 2021, the annual amount payable by the United Kingdom shall be reduced by the United Kingdom's share in the financing of the budget for 2020 of the amount of payment appropriations carried over from 2020 to 2021 in accordance with Articles 12 and 13 of the Financial Regulation and by the United Kingdom's share of the total amount of traditional own resources made available to the Union in January and February 2021 in respect of which the Union's entitlements were established in accordance with Article 2 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 609/2014 in November and December 2020. The Union shall also reimburse to the United Kingdom the United Kingdom's share of the total amount of traditional own resources made available by the Member States after 31 December 2020 for goods released for free circulation in respect of ending or discharge of temporary storage or customs procedures referred to in Article 49(2) started before or on this date.

5. At the request of the United Kingdom, made at the earliest after 31 December 2028, the Union shall make an estimate of the remaining amounts to be paid by the United Kingdom under this Article, on the basis of a rule taking into account the amount of outstanding commitments at the end of the year and an estimate of any decommitments on those outstanding commitments, any financial corrections and any proceeds from the infringement procedures after the end of the year. After the confirmation by the United Kingdom of the acceptance of the proposal to the Committee on the financial provisions referred to in point (f) of Article 165(1) and the Joint Committee, the United Kingdom shall pay the estimated amount, as adjusted in accordance with paragraph 4 of this Article, in relation to the payments made by the United Kingdom in the previous year. The payment of the amounts referred to in this paragraph shall extinguish the remaining obligations of the United Kingdom or the Union under this Article.

ARTICLE 141 — Fines decided upon before or on 31 December 2020
1. In respect of a fine decided upon by the Union before or on 31 December 2020 that has become definitive and that does not constitute assigned revenue, the Union shall reimburse the United Kingdom for its share of the amount of the fine collected by the Union, unless that amount has already been recorded as budget revenue in the Union budget before or on 31 December 2020.

2. In respect of a fine decided upon by the Union after 31 December 2020 in a procedure referred to in Article 92(1), the Union shall reimburse the United Kingdom for its share of the amount of the fine collected by the Union once that fine has become definitive.

ARTICLE 142 — Union liabilities at the end of 2020
1. The United Kingdom shall be liable to the Union for its share of the financing of the Union's liabilities incurred until 31 December 2020, with the exception of the following:

(a) liabilities with corresponding assets, including: Union financial assistance loan assets and the associated balance sheet liabilities, assets corresponding to property, plant and equipment and provisions related to the Joint Research Centre's nuclear sites dismantlement, and all lease‐related obligations, intangible assets and inventories, any assets and liabilities relating to the management of foreign currency risk, accrued and deferred income and all provisions other than in respect of fines, legal proceedings and financial guarantee liabilities; and

(b) liabilities and assets which are related to the operation of the budget and the management of own resources, including outstanding pre-financing advances, receivables, cash, payables, and accrued charges, including those related to the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund or already included in the outstanding commitments (RAL).

2. In particular, the United Kingdom shall be liable for its share of the Union's liability for pension rights and rights to other employment-related benefits accrued on or before 31 December 2020. Payments related to this liability shall be made in accordance with paragraphs 5 and 6.

3. The Union shall communicate to the United Kingdom by 31 March of each year, starting in 2022, the payments made during the previous year corresponding to the liabilities outstanding at 31 December 2020 and the amount of the contribution of the United Kingdom to those payments.

4. By 31 March of each year, starting in 2022, the Union shall communicate to the United Kingdom a specific document on pensions relating to the situation at 31 December of the preceding year in respect of the liability referred to in paragraph 2, which shall provide:

(a) the remaining amounts still to be paid in relation to the liabilities described in paragraph 5;

(b) the calculations made and the data and assumptions used to determine the amount that the United Kingdom is to pay, by 30 June of the current year, in relation to staff pension payments and the Union budget contributions to the Joint Sickness Insurance Scheme (JSIS) made in the preceding year in accordance with paragraph 6 and an estimate of those amounts for the current year;

(c) concerning the population at 31 December 2020, information on the numbers of actual beneficiaries and estimated future beneficiaries of the staff pension and sickness insurance schemes at the end of the previous year and their accumulated post-employment rights at that time; and

(d) the outstanding United Kingdom liabilities calculated using actuarial valuations made in accordance with the relevant International Public Sector Accounting Standards and an explanation of the evolution of this liability compared to the previous year.

That document may be updated by 30 September of the same year to reflect the definitive figures for the preceding year.

5. With respect to the United Kingdom's liability for the pension rights and rights to other employment-related benefits referred to in paragraph 2 as regards pensions of the Members and EU high-level public office holders covered by Council Regulation No 422/67/EEC, 5/67/Euratom, Decision 2005/684/EC, Euratom of the European Parliament and Council Regulation (EU) 2016/300 , the United Kingdom shall contribute to the liabilities as they are recorded in the consolidated accounts of the Union for the financial year 2020 in 10 instalments starting on 31 October 2021.

6. With respect to the United Kingdom's liability for the pension rights and rights to other employment-related benefits referred to in paragraph 2 as regards pensions of officials of the Union established in accordance with Articles 77 to 84 of the Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Union and as regards the pensions of temporary staff, contract staff and parliamentary assistants established in accordance with Articles 33 to 40, Articles 101 to 114 and Article 135, respectively, of the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants of the European Union, the United Kingdom shall contribute annually to the net payments made from the Union budget to each beneficiary and to the related contribution of the Union budget to the JSIS for each beneficiary or person who benefits through a beneficiary. The payments of that contribution shall start on 30 June 2022.

For the pensions referred to in the first subparagraph, the payment by the United Kingdom shall be the sum of the net payments made by the Union budget in the preceding year for each beneficiary, multiplied by the United Kingdom's share and by a percentage that is specific to each beneficiary (&#34;specific percentage&#34;). The specific percentage shall be as follows:

(a) for a beneficiary receiving pension on 1 January 2021, the specific percentage shall be 100 %;

(b) for any other beneficiary of a pension, the specific percentage shall be calculated as the ratio between the pension rights acquired in accordance with the Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Union and in particular in Annex VIII thereto on or before 31 December 2020, including pension rights transferred in at that date, and the acquired pension rights at the date of retirement or death if earlier, or at the date the person leaves the scheme;

(c) for the purposes of the contribution of the budget to the JSIS, the specific percentage shall be calculated as the ratio between the number of years during which the beneficiary contributed to the pension scheme until 31 December 2020 and the total number of years at retirement during which the beneficiary, or the person covered by the Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Union who is the basis for the rights under the JSIS, contributed to the pension scheme.

For a beneficiary of a survivor's pension or an orphan's pension established in accordance with the Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Union, the calculation shall be made on the basis of the career of the person covered by those Staff Regulations which is the basis for the survivor's pension or the orphan's pension.

As long as the liability in relation to this paragraph is not extinguished, in any given year (&#34;year N&#34;) the United Kingdom may send the Union before 1 March of year N a request to pay the outstanding liability at 31 December of year N. The Union shall establish the amount of the outstanding liability in relation to the pension and JSIS post-employment benefits, using the same methodology as used in point (d) of paragraph 4. If the United Kingdom agrees, it shall pay that amount in five instalments, with the first payment taking place in the year N+1. The United Kingdom shall also cover its liability for the year N through the procedure set out in this paragraph. After that payment has been completed, and provided that the payments referred to in paragraph 5 have been completed, the remaining obligations under this Article shall be extinguished. The Committee on the financial provisions referred to in point (f) of Article 165(1) and the Joint Committee shall be informed of this situation.

ARTICLE 143 — Contingent financial liabilities related to loans for financial assistance, EFSI, EFSD and the external lending mandate.
1. The United Kingdom shall be liable to the Union for its share of the contingent financial liabilities of the Union arising from financial operations that were:

(a) decided upon by the European Parliament and the Council or by the European Commission before the date of entry in force of this Agreement, where such financial operations relate to loans for financial assistance decided in accordance with Council Regulation (EU) No 407/2010, Council Regulation (EC) No 332/2002 , or the decisions of the European Parliament and the Council providing macro-financial assistance to various countries on the basis of a provisioning in accordance with Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 480/2009 or Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 2728/94 ;

(b) approved before the date of entry into force of this Agreement by the bodies, entities or persons that are directly entrusted with the implementation of financial operations in relation to budgetary guarantees that either were given in favour of the EIB through the EFSI in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2015/1017 or through the external lending mandate in accordance with Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 480/2009 or Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 2728/94 and Decision No 466/2014/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council or Decision No 1080/2011/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, or were given in favour of eligible counterparts (EFSD).

On 31 July 2019, the Union shall provide the United Kingdom with a specific report concerning those financial operations, providing, for each type of instrument, information on:

(a) the financial liabilities arising from those financial operations on the date of entry into force of this Agreement;

(b) where applicable, the provisions held on the date of entry into force of this Agreement in the respective guarantee funds or fiduciary accounts to cover the financial liabilities referred to in point (a) and the respective provisions committed and not yet paid.

In the consolidated accounts of the Union relating to the years 2019 and 2020, the payments made out of the provisions referred to in point (b) of the second subparagraph from the date of entry into force of this Agreement until 31 December 2019 and 2020, respectively, shall be disclosed for the same financial operations as referred to in this paragraph but which are decided upon on or after the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

The liability of the United Kingdom to the Union in relation to the financial operations referred to in this paragraph shall not be affected by any restructuring of those financial operations. In particular, the financial exposure of the United Kingdom shall not increase, in nominal terms, in comparison with the situation immediately prior to the restructuring.

2. For the financial operations referred to in paragraph 1, the Union shall be liable to the United Kingdom for its share of:

(a) any amounts recovered by the Union from defaulting debtors or related to undue payments; and

(b) any net revenue resulting from the difference between financial and operational revenues and financial and operational expenses, entered as revenue, general or assigned, in the Union budget.

For revenue of the asset management of the provisioning of instruments having a provisioning, the Union shall calculate a percentage of revenue as the ratio between the net revenue of the asset management of the previous year and the total provisioning existing at the end of the previous year. The amount of the liability toward the United Kingdom for revenue of the asset management of the provisioning shall be the amount obtained by multiplying the United Kingdom's current provisioning as referred to in paragraph 5 by that percentage of revenue.

3. By 31 March 2021, for each instrument referred to in paragraph 1 that provides for provisioning from the Union's budget, the Union shall communicate to the United Kingdom:

(a) its initial provisioning, calculated as the United Kingdom's share of the sum of:

(i) the provisions made in the corresponding guarantee fund by 31 December 2020;

(ii) the amount of provisions committed and not yet paid by 31 December 2020; and

(iii) the payments made from the date of entry into force of this Agreement until 31 December 2020 related to financial operations decided upon on or after the date of entry into force of this Agreement; and

(b) its default provisioning rate, calculated as the ratio between the United Kingdom's initial provisioning for that instrument and the amount of the financial operations referred to in paragraph 1 as at 31 December 2020 decided upon before the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

4. On 31 March of each year, starting in 2021, until the amortisation, expiry or termination of the financial operations referred to in paragraph 1, the Union shall communicate to the United Kingdom information concerning those financial operations. The information shall contain, for each type of instrument:

(a) the contingent liabilities outstanding at 31 December of the preceding year;

(b) the payments made in the preceding year by the Union in relation to those financial operations and the amounts of such payments that have accumulated after 31 December 2020;

(c) the United Kingdom's current provisioning and its current provisioning rate as set out in paragraph 5;

(d) the reimbursements made to the United Kingdom in the preceding year in accordance with point (a) of paragraph 6 and the amounts of such reimbursements that have accumulated after 31 December 2020;

(e) the amounts recovered and the net revenues entered in the Union budget as referred to in paragraph 2 for the preceding year;

(f) if necessary, other useful information concerning the financial operations in the preceding year.

5. By 31 March of each year, for each instrument referred to in paragraph 1, where the basic act establishes provisioning from the Union budget, the Union shall:

(a) calculate the United Kingdom's current provisioning, defined as the amount of the United Kingdom's initial provisioning reduced by:

(i) the United Kingdom's share of the accumulated payments referred to in point (b) of paragraph 4 made from the Union budget after 31 December 2020 in relation to financial operations decided upon before the date of entry into force of this Agreement;

(ii) the United Kingdom's share of the amount of decommitments made in the previous years on the outstanding commitments referred to in point (a)(ii) of paragraph 3 of this Article, as communicated pursuant to Article 140(3);

(iii) the accumulated level of reimbursements made to the United Kingdom as of 1 January 2021, as referred to in point (d) of paragraph 4;

(b) communicate to the United Kingdom the current provisioning rate defined as the ratio between the United Kingdom's current provisioning and the amount of financial operations referred to in point (a) of paragraph 4.

6. Every year from 2022 onwards:

(a) if the United Kingdom's current provisioning rate for an instrument exceeds its default provisioning rate for that instrument, the Union shall be liable to the United Kingdom for that instrument for the amount obtained by multiplying the amount of the financial liabilities referred to in point (a) of paragraph 4 by the difference between the current provisioning rate and the default provisioning rate. The Union's liability shall not exceed the United Kingdom's current provisioning as calculated in paragraph 5;

(b) if, in a given year, the United Kingdom's current provisioning rate for an instrument becomes negative, the United Kingdom shall be liable to the Union for that instrument for the amount of the negative current provisioning. In the following years, the United Kingdom shall be liable to the Union for that instrument for its share of the payments made as communicated in accordance with point (b) of paragraph 4 of this Article and the United Kingdom's share of the amount of decommitments made in the previous year on the outstanding commitments referred to in point (a)(ii) of paragraph 3 of this Article, as communicated pursuant to Article 140(3).

7. If the United Kingdom's current provisioning is positive once the Union's financial operations related to an instrument referred to in paragraph 1 are extinguished, the Union shall be liable to the United Kingdom for the amount of the United Kingdom's current provisioning as calculated in accordance with paragraph 5.

8. After 31 December 2020, if payments are made from the Union budget for the financial operations referred to in paragraph 1 in relation to an instrument for which the basic act does not establish provisioning, the United Kingdom shall be liable to the Union for that instrument for its share of the payments made as communicated in accordance with point (b) of paragraph 4.

9. For the purposes of this Article, where financial liabilities, payments, recoveries or other amounts relate to financial operations referred to in paragraph 1 but it cannot be directly determined whether they arise from a particular financial operation as a result of the application of risk mutualisation or subordination mechanisms, the relevant financial liabilities, payments, recoveries or other amounts that are required to be determined for the application of this Article shall be calculated on a pro-rata basis based on the ratio between the amount of financial operations decided upon or approved before the date of entry into force of this Agreement on 31 December of the year before the calculation is made and the total amount of financial operations on the latter date.

10. Where financial operations as referred to in paragraph 1 are non-amortising, such financial operations shall be considered after 10 years as amortising in proportion to the amortisation of the remaining amortising operations.

ARTICLE 144 — Financial instruments under direct or indirect implementation financed by the programmes of the MFF 2014-2020 or under earlier financial perspectives
1. From the date of entry into force of this Agreement until the full amortisation of the financial operations referred to in point (a) of this subparagraph, the Union shall identify the financial operations that:

(a) before the date of entry into force of this Agreement, have been decided upon by the European Commission and, where necessary, approved by the financial institutions which have been entrusted by the European Commission with the implementation of a financial instrument under a programme of the MFF 2014-2020 or under earlier financial perspectives under direct or indirect implementation; and

(b) have been decided upon and, where necessary, approved on or after the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

On 31 July 2019, in the report referred to in the second subparagraph of Article 143(1), the Union shall provide the following information concerning the financial instruments, under direct or indirect implementation, financed by the programmes of the MFF 2014-2020 or financed under earlier financial perspectives:

(a) the financial liabilities arising from the operations decided upon before the date of entry into force of this Agreement by the European Commission or the entity entrusted by the European Commission with the implementation of the financial instrument; and

(b) the payments made by the European Commission for the financial instruments and the amounts committed for the financial instruments that have not yet been paid at that date.

The liability of the Union to the United Kingdom in relation to the financial operations referred to in this paragraph shall not be affected by a restructuring of those financial operations, to the extent that such restructuring does not increase the financial exposure to the counterparty, in nominal terms, as it stood immediately prior to the restructuring.

2. On 31 March of each year, starting in 2021, until their amortisation, expiry or termination, for each financial instrument referred to in paragraph 1, the Union shall communicate to the United Kingdom the available information regarding the financial operations referred to in paragraph 1 that have been decided upon or approved before the date of entry into force of this Agreement and those that have been decided upon or approved on or after that date. For each instrument, the information shall contain:

(a) the financial liabilities as at 31 December of the preceding year arising from the financial operations decided upon by the European Commission, or approved by the entity entrusted by the European Commission with the implementation of the financial instrument, before the date of entry into force of this Agreement;

(b) the total financial liabilities as at 31 December of the preceding year arising from the financial operations decided upon by the European Commission, or by the entity entrusted by the European Commission with the implementation of the instrument;

(c) the ratio between the amounts referred to in points (a) and (b);

(d) the payments made from the provisioning fund or from fiduciary accounts with the entrusted entities, where such payments relate to financial operations that were decided upon by the European Commission or were approved by the entity entrusted by the European Commission with the implementation of the financial instrument, after the date of entry into force of this Agreement;

(e) the part of the amounts paid back to the Union in accordance with Article 209(3) of the Financial Regulation, other than the returns provided for in point (f) of this paragraph, related to financial operations decided upon or approved before the date of entry into force of this Agreement;

(f) returns on resources of the financial instrument in the provisioning fund or in fiduciary accounts;

(g) the part of the amount of the provisioning fund or fiduciary accounts which has not been disbursed and which has been recovered by the European Commission;

(h) if necessary, other useful information concerning the financial operations in the preceding year.

3. The Union shall be liable to the United Kingdom for the United Kingdom's share of any amount referred in points (d) to (g) of paragraph 2.

4. For the purposes of this Article, where financial liabilities, payments, recoveries or other amounts relate to financial operations referred to in paragraph 1 but cannot be directly determined to arise from a particular financial operation as a result of the application of risk mutualisation or subordination mechanisms, the relevant financial liabilities, payments, recoveries or other amounts required to be determined for the application of this Article shall be calculated on a pro-rata basis, based on the ratio referred to in point (c) of paragraph 2.

ARTICLE 145 — The European Coal and Steel Community
The Union shall be liable to the United Kingdom for its share of the net assets of the European Coal and Steel Community in liquidation on 31 December 2020.

The Union shall reimburse the United Kingdom for the relevant amount in five equal annual instalments on 30 June of each year, starting on 30 June 2021.

ARTICLE 146 — Union investment in the EIF
The Union shall be liable to the United Kingdom for its share of the Union's investment in the paid‐in capital of the EIF on 31 December 2020.

The Union shall reimburse the United Kingdom for the relevant amount in five equal annual instalments on 30 June of each year starting on 30 June 2021.

ARTICLE 147 — Contingent liabilities related to legal cases
1. The United Kingdom shall be liable for its share of the payments required to discharge the contingent liabilities of the Union that become due in relation to legal cases concerning financial interests of the Union related to the budget and, in particular, in relation to Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 2988/95 or in relation to legal cases resulting from the execution of Union programmes and policies, provided that the facts forming the subject matter of those cases occurred no later than 31 December 2020.

The Union shall be liable to the United Kingdom for its share of any amount of subsequent recoveries related to the payments referred to in the first subparagraph.

2. The Union shall communicate to the United Kingdom the amounts referred to in paragraph 1 by 31 March of each year.

ARTICLE 148 — Payments after 2020
1. The reference dates for payments by the United Kingdom to the Union or by the Union to the United Kingdom made after 31 December 2020 shall be 30 June and 31 October of every year for the amounts:

(a) referred to in Article 49(2), Articles 50 and 53, Article 62(2), point (e) of Article 63(1), and Articles 63(2), 99(3), and 100(2);

(b) referred to in Article 84(1);

(c) referred to in points (a), (b), (c), (e) and (f) of Article 136(3), by the next reference date following the date of adjustment or correction;

(d) resulting from corrective measures to be taken by the United Kingdom with regard to own resources due for financial years until 2020 as a result of controls executed under Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 608/2014 or Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No 1553/89 or for any other reason, by the next reference date following the date of the corrective measure;

(e) referred to in Article 140(4), in two instalments on the reference dates for payments, the first instalment amounting to half of the second one;

(f) referred to in Article 140(5), on 30 June following the confirmation by the United Kingdom of the acceptance of the proposal of the Union to the Committee on the financial provisions referred to in point (f) of Article 165(1) and the Joint Committee;

(g) referred to in Article 141, by the next reference date following the adjustment of the own resources for the Member States resulting from the definitive entry of the fine into the Union budget;

(h) referred to in Article 142(1), by the next reference date following the date of the communication referred to in paragraph 3;

(i) referred to in Article 142(5) and the fourth subparagraph of Article 142(6), on 31 October of each year;

(j) referred to in the first subparagraph of Article 142(6), on 30 June of each year;

(k) referred to in Articles 143 and 144, by the next reference date following the date of the communication referred in Articles 143(4) and 144(2);

(l) referred to in Articles 145 and 146;

(m) referred to in Article 147(2), by the next reference date following the date of the communication referred to therein;

(n) referred to in paragraph 3 as possible accrued interest.

Payments shall be made in four equal monthly instalments for payments that have a reference date of 30 June and in eight equal monthly instalments for payments that have a reference date of 31 October. All payments shall be made by the last working day of each month, starting on the reference date or, where the reference date is not a working day, the last working day before the reference date.

2. As long as there are still payments to be made by the Union to the United Kingdom or by the United Kingdom to the Union, the Union shall communicate to the United Kingdom on 16 April and on 16 September of each year a document specifying the relevant amounts to be paid, expressed in euro and in British pounds, based on the conversion rate applied by the European Central Bank on the first working day of the month. The Union or the United Kingdom shall pay the net amounts by the dates referred to in paragraph 1.

3. Any delay in payments by the United Kingdom to the Union or by the Union to the United Kingdom shall be subject to the payment of interest in accordance with Article 12 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 609/2014.

ARTICLE 149 — Reimbursement of the paid-in capital
The European Central Bank shall, on behalf of the Union, reimburse the Bank of England for the paid-in capital provided by the Bank of England. The date of the reimbursement and other practical arrangements shall be established in accordance with Protocol (No 4) on the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank.

ARTICLE 150 — Continued liability of the United Kingdom and reimbursement of the paid-in capital
1. The United Kingdom shall remain liable, as set out in this Article, for the financial operations approved by the EIB before the date of entry into force of this Agreement, as further specified in paragraph 2 (&#34;EIB financial operations&#34;), even if the resulting financial exposure is assumed on or after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, and shall remain liable for other risks assumed by the EIB as set out in the second subparagraph.

The liability of the United Kingdom shall extend to the EIB financial operations and to asset‐liability management risks and operational risks attributable to the EIB financial operations, in accordance with paragraph 6. For other such risks that are not associated with specific financial operations and are not attributable to the stock of financial operations built after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the amount of the liability of the United Kingdom shall be proportional to the ratio between the remaining exposure due to EIB financial operations and the total amount of financial operations at the time the liability of the United Kingdom is triggered in accordance with paragraph 6.

The implementation of any post-withdrawal growth strategy of the EIB is not covered by the scope of this Article.

2. The EIB financial operations shall include loans, guarantees, fund investments, equity investments, bonds and other loan substitute products, and any other financing operations, with counterparties or regarding projects inside and outside the territory of the Member States, including operations guaranteed by third parties including the Member States or the Union.

The liability of the United Kingdom for EIB financial operations shall apply where the financial exposure of the EIB:

(a) is based on an approval by the Board of Directors of the EIB given prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement, or based on a decision adopted on the basis of a delegation by the Board of Directors given prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement;

(b) results from the restructuring of an EIB financial operation, to the extent that such restructuring does not increase the financial exposure to the counterparty, in nominal terms, as it stood immediately prior to the restructuring;

(c) results from a change to an EIB financial operation, where that change was approved by the Board of Directors of the EIB on or after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, to the extent that such change does not increase the financial exposure to the counterparty as it stood immediately prior to the change; or

(d) results from the institutional participation of the EIB in the capital of the EIF and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, as it stood immediately prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

For the purposes of establishing the limits on the liability of the United Kingdom pursuant to paragraphs 3 and 5, the exposure of the EIB on account of EIB financial operations which, due to their nature, are not subject to amortisation, in particular equity-type investments, revolving mandates granted to the EIF, and the participation in the capital of the EIF and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, shall be considered to amortise as follows: for a period of 10 years from the entry into force of this Agreement, the amount of the non-amortising exposure under the EIB financial operation shall be considered to remain at the amount as approved by the EIB prior to the entry into force of this Agreement, reduced by any disposal made by the EIB since this date. After this period, the amount shall be treated as decreasing in proportion to the amortisation of the remaining amortising exposure on account of EIB financial operations.

3. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the United Kingdom shall be liable for its share of the uncalled subscribed capital of the EIB as it stood immediately prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement. The United Kingdom shall make payments to the EIB, up to the amount of its liability pursuant to this paragraph, when its liability is triggered in accordance with paragraph 6.

That total liability pursuant to this paragraph shall at no point exceed the amount of the United Kingdom's share of the uncalled subscribed capital of the EIB as it stood immediately prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

When the amount of the remaining exposure of the EIB under the EIB financial operations referred to in paragraph 1 is lower than the total amount of subscribed capital of the EIB as it stood immediately prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the amount of the liability of the United Kingdom pursuant to this paragraph shall, at any given time, be limited to the amount obtained by applying the ratio of the United Kingdom subscribed capital of the EIB and the total subscribed capital of the EIB as they stood immediately prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement (&#34;the United Kingdom share of the subscribed capital&#34;) to the difference between the amount of that remaining exposure at that time, and the total paid-in subscribed capital of the EIB as it stood immediately prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

4. The EIB shall pay to the United Kingdom on behalf of the Union an amount equal to the United Kingdom's share of the paid-in subscribed capital of the EIB as it stood immediately prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement. That payment shall be made in accordance with Protocol No 5 on the Statute of the European Investment Bank. It shall be made in 12 yearly instalments. The first 11 instalments, each equal to EUR 300 000 000, shall be due on 15 December of each year starting in 2019. The balance of EUR 195 903 950 shall be due on 15 December 2030. The payments made in accordance with this paragraph shall not release the United Kingdom from its liability under paragraph 5.

5. In addition to its liability under paragraph 3, for the purposes of paragraph 1, the United Kingdom shall be liable for its paid-in subscribed capital of the EIB as it stood immediately prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement. The United Kingdom shall make payments to the EIB, up to the amount of its liability, in accordance with this paragraph, when its liability is triggered under paragraph 6.

The total liability pursuant to this paragraph shall at no point exceed the amount of the paid-in subscribed capital of the United Kingdom in the EIB as it stood immediately prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

When the remaining exposure of the EIB on account of the EIB financial operations referred to in paragraph 1 is lower than the total paid-in subscribed capital of the EIB as it stood immediately prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the amount of the liability of the United Kingdom pursuant to this paragraph shall, at any time, be limited to an amount obtained by applying the ratio of the United Kingdom share of the subscribed capital to the amount of that remaining exposure at that time.

6. The liability of the United Kingdom in accordance with this Article shall be triggered, on a pari-passu basis with respect to the Member States, in the event that the EIB requires the Member States to make payments on account of their uncalled subscribed capital or when the paid‐in subscribed capital of the Member States is used.

When the liability of the United Kingdom pursuant to paragraph 3 is triggered, the United Kingdom shall pay the amount due to the EIB under the same conditions as apply to the Member States (including the timing and the terms of the payment), as decided by the Board of Directors of the EIB at the relevant time. The decision of the EIB requiring the Member States to make payments on account of their uncalled subscribed capital may, in particular, be related to the nature of underlying risk events and the financial position of the EIB in the light of its payment obligations, the state of its assets and liabilities, its standing in capital markets, and the provisions of its contingency and recovery planning as applicable at the relevant time.

When the liability of the United Kingdom pursuant to paragraph 5 is triggered, the United Kingdom shall pay the amount due to the EIB, in euro, within 30 days from the first demand from the EIB, and subject to the fourth subparagraph of this paragraph.

The liability of the United Kingdom triggered in accordance with paragraph 5 shall be fulfilled from the United Kingdom's share of paid-in subscribed capital of the EIB as it stood immediately prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement up to the amount not yet paid to the United Kingdom in accordance with paragraph 4. The amount of annual instalments referred to in paragraph 4 shall be reduced accordingly. If the liability of the United Kingdom cannot be fully met in accordance with this method, the United Kingdom shall pay to the EIB the remaining amount due.

The EIB shall, on behalf of the Union, in each case establish the attribution of the events underlying the triggering of the liability of the United Kingdom to the relevant stock of financial operations or risks and the amount which the United Kingdom is obliged to pay to the EIB as follows:

(a) to the extent that underlying events are attributable to EIB financial operations, or are attributable to associated asset-liability management risk or operational risk, the United Kingdom shall pay to the EIB an amount equal to the United Kingdom share of the subscribed capital of the total sum which the Member States are required to pay, or an amount equal to the United Kingdom share of the subscribed capital of the total sum by which the paid-in subscribed capital of the Member States is used, respectively;

(b) to the extent that underlying events are attributable to other risks, and are not attributable to any specific financial operation or to the stock of financial operations built after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the United Kingdom shall pay to the EIB the amount resulting from point (a) multiplied by the ratio of the remaining exposure due to EIB financial operations to the total amount of financial operations at the time the liability of the United Kingdom is triggered.

7. Except for the payments provided for in paragraph 4, the EIB shall not be obliged to make any other payment, return or remuneration on account of the termination of the membership of the United Kingdom of the EIB or on account of the retention by the United Kingdom of a liability in accordance with this Article.

8. On 31 July 2019, the EIB shall communicate to the United Kingdom the United Kingdom's exposure under the EIB financial operations, and the limit on the liability of the United Kingdom in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 5, reflecting the financial situation of the EIB and the liability of the United Kingdom as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

On 31 March of every year, starting in 2020, until the extinction of the liability of the United Kingdom in accordance with this Article, the EIB shall communicate to the United Kingdom the remaining exposure of the United Kingdom under the EIB financial operations, and the limit on the liability of the United Kingdom in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 5, reflecting the financial situation of the EIB and the liability of the United Kingdom as at 31 December of the preceding year. The report shall also disclose any material changes which, in the opinion of the EIB, have a material impact on the liability of the United Kingdom. The EIB shall also provide timely information if such changes occur during the year.

The EIB shall provide the United Kingdom with timely information regarding any upcoming triggering of the liability of the United Kingdom pursuant to this Article, in line with the information provided to the Member States. That information shall include information on the nature of the triggering event and the calculation of the amounts to be paid. The United Kingdom shall treat that information as strictly confidential until the EIB lifts the confidentiality or until the liability of the United Kingdom is triggered, whichever occurs first.

ARTICLE 151 — Participation of the United Kingdom in EIB group after the withdrawal date
As from the date of entry into force of this Agreement, neither the United Kingdom nor projects located in the United Kingdom shall be eligible for new financial operations from the EIB group that are reserved for Member States, including those under Union mandates. Entities established in the United Kingdom shall be treated as entities located outside the Union.

The signature of financial operations relating to the United Kingdom, to United Kingdom entities, or to United Kingdom projects approved by the EIB group before the date of entry into force of this Agreement, may take place after that date on the same basis as that on which they were originally approved.

ARTICLE 152 — Participation in the European Development Fund
1. The United Kingdom shall remain party to the European Development Fund (&#34;EDF&#34;) until the closure of the 11th EDF and all previous unclosed EDFs, and shall in this respect assume the same obligations as the Member States under the Internal Agreement by which it was set up (&#34;the 11th EDF Internal Agreement&#34;), and shall assume the obligations resulting from previous EDFs until their closure, including any such obligations under Council Regulations (EU) 2015/322 and (EU) 2015/323 , subject to the conditions laid down in this Agreement. The United Kingdom shall be bound by the decisions of the Council setting out the annual contributions of Member States as adopted under Article 21 of Regulation (EU) 2015/323. United Kingdom beneficiaries shall remain eligible to participate in projects under the 11th EDF and previous EDFs under the same conditions as before the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

2. By way of derogation from Article 7 of this Agreement, the United Kingdom may participate, as an observer without voting rights, in the EDF Committee as established in accordance with Article 8 of the 11th EDF Internal Agreement and in the Investment Facility Committee as established in accordance with Article 9 of the 11th EDF Internal Agreement.

3. The overseas countries and territories referred to in point (e) of Article 3(1) shall benefit from the 11th EDF until its closure and from previous EDFs until their closure.

4. The United Kingdom's share of the Investment Facility of the EDF from successive EDF periods shall be reimbursed to the United Kingdom as the investment matures. The method for making this reimbursement shall be the same as the method set out in Article 144. Unless agreed otherwise, the United Kingdom's capital share shall not be recommitted beyond the end of the 11th EDF commitment period or rolled over into subsequent periods.

ARTICLE 153 — Reuse of the decommitments
Where the amounts from projects under the 10th EDF or the amounts from previous EDFs have not been committed in accordance with Article 1(3) of the 11th EDF Internal Agreement, or have been decommitted in accordance with to Article 1(4) of the 11th EDF Internal Agreement on the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the United Kingdom's share of those amounts shall not be reused.

The first paragraph shall apply to the United Kingdom's share of funds not committed or decommitted under the 11th EDF after 31 December 2020.

ARTICLE 154 — The United Kingdom's guarantee under the successive EDF Internal Agreements
The United Kingdom shall remain liable in respect of its guarantees under Article 9 of the 4th EDF Internal Agreement, Article 8 of the 5th , 6th , 7th and 8th EDF Internal Agreement , Article 6 of the 9th EDF Internal Agreement and Article 4 of the 10th and 11th EDF Internal Agreement.

The United Kingdom shall remain entitled to its share of any amounts recovered under the terms of the Member States' guarantees and to the balance of its Member State Call Account. The United Kingdom's share referred to in this subparagraph shall be in proportion to its respective participation in each guarantee agreement.

ARTICLE 155 — Commitments toward the Trust Funds and the Facility for Refugees in Turkey
1. The United Kingdom shall honour the commitments it made before the date of entry into force of this Agreement to the European Union Emergency Trust Fund for stability and addressing root causes of irregular migration and displaced persons in Africa, established by Commission Decision of 20 October 2015, to any future European Union Trust Fund created before the date of entry into force of this Agreement, and to the Facility for Refugees in Turkey, established by Commission decision of 24 November 2015 and any amendments thereto adopted before the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

2. The United Kingdom may participate in the relevant bodies related to the Facility for Refugees in Turkey, following the rules established for donors in accordance with Article 234(4) of the Financial Regulation.

ARTICLE 156 — The United Kingdom's obligations from the date of entry into force of this Agreement
Until 31 December 2020, the United Kingdom shall contribute to the financing of the European Defence Agency, the European Union Institute for Security Studies, and the European Union Satellite Centre, as well as to the costs of Common Security and Defence Policy operations, on the basis of the contribution keys set out in point (a) of Article 14(9) of Council Decision (EU) 2016/1353, in Article 10(3) of Council Decision 2014/75/CFSP , in Article 10(3) of Council Decision 2014/401/CFSP and in the second subparagraph of Article 41(2) of the Treaty on European Union, respectively, and in accordance with Article 5 of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 157 — The United Kingdom's obligations after 31 December 2020
1. Based on the accounts of the agencies, to the extent that the relevant liabilities have not been provisioned on 31 December 2020, the United Kingdom shall pay its share of the following liabilities in accordance with its contribution key for each of those agencies on the basis of their audited accounts on 31 December 2020:

(a) the pension liabilities for the personnel of the European Defence Agency, the European Union Institute for Security Studies, and the European Union Satellite Centre;

(b) any liabilities arising from the liquidation of the Western European Union.

2. The payment in relation to the liabilities referred to in paragraph 1 shall be made by 30 June 2021.

=PART SIX — INSTITUTIONAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS=

ARTICLE 158 — References to the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning Part Two
1. Where, in a case which commenced at first instance within 8 years from the end of the transition period before a court or tribunal in the United Kingdom, a question is raised concerning the interpretation of Part Two of this Agreement, and where that court or tribunal considers that a decision on that question is necessary to enable it to give judgment in that case, that court or tribunal may request the Court of Justice of the European Union to give a preliminary ruling on that question.

However, where the subject matter of the case before the court or tribunal in the United Kingdom is a decision on an application made pursuant to Article 18(1) or (4) or pursuant to Article 19, a request for a preliminary ruling may be made only where the case commenced at first instance within a period of 8 years from the date from which Article 19 applies.

2. The Court of Justice of the European Union shall have jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings on requests pursuant to paragraph 1. The legal effects in the United Kingdom of such preliminary rulings shall be the same as the legal effects of preliminary rulings given pursuant to Article 267 TFEU in the Union and its Member States.

3. In the event that the Joint Committee adopts a decision under Article 132(1), the period of eight years referred to in the second subparagraph of paragraph 1 shall be automatically extended by the corresponding number of months by which the transition period is extended.

ARTICLE 159 — Monitoring of the implementation and application of Part Two
1. In the United Kingdom, the implementation and application of Part Two shall be monitored by an independent authority (the &#34;Authority&#34;) which shall have powers equivalent to those of the European Commission acting under the Treaties to conduct inquiries on its own initiative concerning alleged breaches of Part Two by the administrative authorities of the United Kingdom and to receive complaints from Union citizens and their family members for the purposes of conducting such inquiries. The Authority shall also have the right, following such complaints, to bring a legal action before a competent court or tribunal in the United Kingdom in an appropriate judicial procedure with a view to seeking an adequate remedy.

2. The European Commission and the Authority shall each annually inform the specialised Committee on citizens' rights referred to in point (a) of Article 165(1) on the implementation and application of Part Two in the Union and in the United Kingdom, respectively. The information provided shall, in particular, cover measures taken to implement or comply with Part Two and the number and nature of complaints received.

3. The Joint Committee shall assess, no earlier than 8 years after the end of the transition period, the functioning of the Authority. Following such assessment, it may decide, in good faith, pursuant to point (f) of Article 164(4) and Article 166, that the United Kingdom may abolish the Authority.

ARTICLE 160 — Jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning certain provisions of Part Five
Without prejudice to Article 87 of this Agreement, Articles 258, 260 and 267 TFEU shall apply in respect of the interpretation and application of applicable Union law referred to in Article 136 and Article 138(1) or (2) of this Agreement. To this effect, any reference made in Articles 258, 260 and 267 TFEU to a Member State shall be understood as including the United Kingdom.

ARTICLE 161 — Procedures before the Court of Justice of the European Union
1. Where a court or tribunal of a Member State refers a question concerning the interpretation of this Agreement to the Court of Justice of the European Union for a preliminary ruling, the decision of the national court or tribunal containing that question shall be notified to the United Kingdom.

2. The provisions of Union law governing procedures brought before the Court of Justice of the European Union in accordance with Article 267 TFEU shall apply mutatis mutandis to requests for a ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union made pursuant to Article 158 of this Agreement.

The provisions of Union law governing the procedure before the Court of Justice of the European Union shall apply in respect of the proceedings before the Court of Justice of the European Union and requests for preliminary rulings made in accordance with Article 160 of this Agreement.

3. In the cases brought before the Court of Justice of the European Union in accordance with paragraph 1 and Articles 158 and 160 of this Agreement and Article 12 of the Protocol on the Sovereign Base Areas:

(a) the United Kingdom may participate in the proceedings before the Court of Justice of the European Union in the same way as a Member State;

(b) lawyers authorised to practise before the courts or tribunals of the United Kingdom shall be entitled to represent or assist any parties to such proceedings before the Court of Justice of the European Union; in such cases those lawyers shall in every respect be treated as lawyers authorised to practise before courts of Member States representing or assisting a party before the Court of Justice of the European Union.

ARTICLE 162 — Participation of the European Commission in cases pending in the United Kingdom
Where the consistent interpretation and application of this Agreement so requires, the European Commission may submit written observations to the courts and tribunals of the United Kingdom in pending cases where the interpretation of the Agreement is concerned. The European Commission may, with the permission of the court or tribunal in question, also make oral observations. The European Commission shall inform the United Kingdom of its intention to submit observations before formally making such submissions.

ARTICLE 163 — Regular dialogue and exchange of information
In order to facilitate the consistent interpretation of this Agreement and in full deference to the independence of courts, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the United Kingdom's highest courts shall engage in regular dialogue, analogous to the dialogue in which the Court of Justice of the European Union engages with the highest courts of the Member States.

ARTICLE 164 — Joint Committee
1. A Joint Committee, comprising representatives of the Union and of the United Kingdom, is hereby established. The Joint Committee shall be co-chaired by the Union and the United Kingdom.

2. The Joint Committee shall meet at the request of the Union or the United Kingdom, and in any event shall meet at least once a year. The Joint Committee shall set its meeting schedule and its agenda by mutual consent. The work of the Joint Committee shall be governed by the rules of procedure set out in Annex VIII to this Agreement.

3. The Joint Committee shall be responsible for the implementation and application of this Agreement. The Union and the United Kingdom may each refer to the Joint Committee any issue relating to the implementation, application and interpretation of this Agreement.

4. The Joint Committee shall:

(a) supervise and facilitate the implementation and application of this Agreement;

(b) decide on the tasks of the specialised committees and supervise their work;

(c) seek appropriate ways and methods of preventing problems that might arise in areas covered by this Agreement or of resolving disputes that may arise regarding the interpretation and application of this Agreement;

(d) consider any matter of interest relating to an area covered by this Agreement;

(e) adopt decisions and make recommendations as set out in Article 166; and

(f) adopt amendments to this Agreement in the cases provided for in this Agreement.

5. The Joint Committee may:

(a) delegate responsibilities to specialised committees, except those responsibilities referred to in points (b), (e) and (f) of paragraph 4;

(b) establish specialised committees other than those established by Article 165, in order to assist the Joint Committee in the performance of its tasks;

(c) change the tasks assigned to specialised committees and dissolve any of those committees;

(d) except in relation to Parts One, Four and Six, until the end of the fourth year following the end of the transition period, adopt decisions amending this Agreement, provided that such amendments are necessary to correct errors, to address omissions or other deficiencies, or to address situations unforeseen when this Agreement was signed, and provided that such decisions may not amend the essential elements of this Agreement;

(e) adopt amendments to the rules of procedure set out in Annex VIII; and

(f) take such other actions in the exercise of its functions as decided by the Union and the United Kingdom.

6. The Joint Committee shall issue an annual report on the functioning of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 165 — Specialised committees
1. The following specialised committees are hereby established:

(a) the Committee on citizens' rights;

(b) the Committee on the other separation provisions;

(c) the Committee on issues related to the implementation of the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland;

(d) the Committee on issues related to the implementation of the Protocol relating to the Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus;

(e) the Committee on issues related to the implementation of the Protocol on Gibraltar; and

(f) the Committee on the financial provisions.

Those specialised committees shall comprise representatives of the Union and representatives of the United Kingdom.

2. The work of the specialised committees shall be governed by the rules of procedure set out in Annex VIII to this Agreement.

Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, or unless the co-chairs decide otherwise, the specialised committees shall meet at least once a year. Additional meetings may be held at the request of the Union, the United Kingdom, or of the Joint Committee. They shall be co-chaired by representatives of the Union and of the United Kingdom. The specialised committees shall set their meeting schedule and agenda by mutual consent. The specialised committees may draw up draft decisions and recommendations and refer them for adoption by the Joint Committee.

3. The Union and the United Kingdom shall ensure that their respective representatives on the specialised committees have the appropriate expertise with respect to the issues under discussion.

4. The specialised committees shall inform the Joint Committee of their meeting schedules and agenda sufficiently in advance of their meetings, and shall report to the Joint Committee on the results and conclusions of each of their meetings. The creation or existence of a specialised committee shall not prevent the Union or the United Kingdom from bringing any matter directly to the Joint Committee.

ARTICLE 166 — Decisions and recommendations
1. The Joint Committee shall, for the purposes of this Agreement, have the power to adopt decisions in respect of all matters for which this Agreement so provides and to make appropriate recommendations to the Union and the United Kingdom.

2. The decisions adopted by the Joint Committee shall be binding on the Union and the United Kingdom, and the Union and the United Kingdom shall implement those decisions. They shall have the same legal effect as this Agreement.

3. The Joint Committee shall adopt its decisions and make its recommendations by mutual consent.

ARTICLE 167 — Cooperation
The Union and the United Kingdom shall at all times endeavour to agree on the interpretation and application of this Agreement, and shall make every attempt, through cooperation and consultations, to arrive at a mutually satisfactory resolution of any matter that might affect its operation.

ARTICLE 168 — Exclusivity
For any dispute between the Union and the United Kingdom arising under this Agreement, the Union and the United Kingdom shall only have recourse to the procedures provided for in this Agreement.

ARTICLE 169 — Consultations and communications within the Joint Committee
1. The Union and the United Kingdom shall endeavour to resolve any dispute regarding the interpretation and application of the provisions of this Agreement by entering into consultations in the Joint Committee in good faith, with the aim of reaching a mutually agreed solution. A party wishing to commence consultations shall provide written notice to the Joint Committee.

2. Any communication or notification between the Union and the United Kingdom provided for in this Title shall be made within the Joint Committee.

ARTICLE 170 — Initiation of the arbitration procedure
1. Without prejudice to Article 160, if no mutually agreed solution has been reached within 3 months after a written notice has been provided to the Joint Committee in accordance with Article 169(1), the Union or the United Kingdom may request the establishment of an arbitration panel. Such request shall be made in writing to the other party and to the International Bureau of the Permanent Court of Arbitration. The request shall identify the subject matter of the dispute to be brought before the arbitration panel and a summary of the legal arguments in support of the request.

2. The Union and the United Kingdom may agree that the establishment of an arbitration panel may be requested before the expiry of the time limit laid down in paragraph 1.

ARTICLE 171 — Establishment of the arbitration panel
1. The Joint Committee shall, no later than by the end of the transition period, establish a list of 25 persons who are willing and able to serve as members of an arbitration panel. To that end, the Union and the United Kingdom shall each propose ten persons. The Union and the United Kingdom shall also jointly propose five persons to act as chairperson of the arbitration panel. The Joint Committee shall ensure that the list complies with these requirements at any moment in time.

2. The list established pursuant to paragraph 1 shall only comprise persons whose independence is beyond doubt, who possess the qualifications required for appointment to the highest judicial office in their respective countries or who are jurisconsults of recognised competence, and who possess specialised knowledge or experience of Union law and public international law. That list shall not comprise persons who are members, officials or other servants of the Union institutions, of the government of a Member State, or of the government of the United Kingdom.

3. An arbitration panel shall be composed of five members.

4. Within 15 days of the date of a request in accordance with Article 170, the panel shall be established in accordance with paragraphs 5 and 6.

5. The Union and the United Kingdom shall each nominate two members from among the persons on the list established under paragraph 1. The chairperson shall be selected by consensus by the members of the panel from the persons jointly nominated by the Union and the United Kingdom to serve as a chairperson.

In the event that the members of the panel are unable to agree on the selection of the chairperson within the time limit laid down in paragraph 4, the Union or the United Kingdom may request the Secretary-General of the Permanent Court of Arbitration to select the chairperson by lot from among the persons jointly proposed by the Union and the United Kingdom to act as chairperson.

6. The Secretary-General of the Permanent Court of Arbitration shall make the selection referred to in second subparagraph of paragraph 5 within 5 days of the request referred to in paragraph 5. Representatives of the Union and of the United Kingdom shall be entitled to be present at the selection.

7. The date of establishment of the arbitration panel shall be the date on which the selection procedure is completed.

8. In the event that the list referred to in paragraph 1 has not been established by expiry of the time limit laid down in paragraph 4, the Union and the United Kingdom shall within 5 days each nominate two persons to serve as members of the panel. If persons have been proposed under paragraph 1, the nominations shall be made from among those persons. The chairperson shall then be appointed in accordance with the procedure set out in paragraph 5. In the event that the Union and the United Kingdom have not, within a further 5 days, jointly proposed at least one person to serve as chairperson, the Secretary-General of the Permanent Court of Arbitration shall within five days, after consultation with the Union and the United Kingdom, propose a chairperson who fulfils the requirements of paragraph 2. Unless either the Union or the United Kingdom objects to that proposal within 5 days, the person proposed by the Secretary-General of the Permanent Court of Arbitration shall be appointed.

9. In the event of failure to establish an arbitration panel within 3 months from the date of the request made pursuant to Article 170, the Secretary-General of the Permanent Court of Arbitration shall, upon request by either the Union or the United Kingdom, within 15 days of such request, after consultation with the Union and the United Kingdom, appoint persons who fulfil the requirements of paragraph 2 of this Article to constitute the arbitration panel.

ARTICLE 172 — Rules of procedure
Dispute settlement procedures set out in this Title shall be governed by the rules of procedure set out in Part A of Annex IX (&#34;Rules of Procedure&#34;), the Joint Committee shall keep the functioning of those dispute settlement procedures under constant review and may amend the Rules of Procedure.

ARTICLE 173 — Time-frame of the procedure before the arbitration panel
1. The arbitration panel shall notify its ruling to the Union, the United Kingdom and the Joint Committee within 12 months from the date of establishment of the arbitration panel. Where the arbitration panel considers that it cannot comply with this time limit, its chairperson shall notify the Union and the United Kingdom in writing, stating the reasons for the delay and the date on which the panel intends to conclude its work.

2. Within 10 days of the establishment of the arbitration panel the Union or the United Kingdom may submit a reasoned request to the effect that the case is urgent. In that case, the arbitration panel shall give a ruling on the urgency within 15 days from the receipt of such request. If it has determined the urgency of the case, the arbitration panel shall make every effort to notify its ruling to the Union and the United Kingdom within 6 months from the date of its establishment.

ARTICLE 174 — Disputes raising questions of Union law
1. Where a dispute submitted to arbitration in accordance with this Title raises a question of interpretation of a concept of Union law, a question of interpretation of a provision of Union law referred to in this Agreement or a question of whether the United Kingdom has complied with its obligations under Article 89(2), the arbitration panel shall not decide on any such question. In such case, it shall request the Court of Justice of the European Union to give a ruling on the question. The Court of Justice of the European Union shall have jurisdiction to give such a ruling which shall be binding on the arbitration panel.

The arbitration panel shall make the request referred to in the first subparagraph after having heard the parties.

2. Without prejudice to the first sentence of the first subparagraph of paragraph 1, if the Union or the United Kingdom considers that a request in accordance with paragraph 1 is to be made, it may make submissions to the arbitration panel to that effect. In such case, the arbitration panel shall submit the request in accordance with paragraph 1 unless the question raised does not concern the interpretation of a concept of Union law, interpretation of a provision of Union law referred to in this Agreement, or does not concern whether the United Kingdom has complied with its obligations under Article 89(2). The arbitration panel shall provide reasons for its assessment. Within 10 days following the assessment, either party may request the arbitration panel to review its assessment, and a hearing shall be organised within 15 days of the request for the parties to be heard on the matter. The arbitration panel shall provide reasons for its assessment.

3. In the cases referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, the time limits laid down in Article 173 shall be suspended until the Court of Justice of the European Union has given its ruling. The arbitration panel shall not be required to give its ruling less than 60 days from the date on which the Court of Justice of the European Union has given its ruling.

4. The first subparagraph of Article 161(2) and Article 161(3) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the procedures brought before the Court of Justice of the European Union in accordance with this Article.

ARTICLE 175 — Compliance with the arbitration panel ruling
The arbitration panel ruling shall be binding on the Union and the United Kingdom. The Union and the United Kingdom shall take any measures necessary to comply in good faith with the arbitration panel ruling and shall endeavour to agree on the period of time to comply with the ruling in accordance with the procedure in Article 176.

ARTICLE 176 — Reasonable period of time for compliance
1. No later than 30 days after the notification of the arbitration panel ruling to the Union and the United Kingdom, the respondent shall, if the panel has ruled in favour of the complainant, notify the complainant of the time it considers it will require for compliance (the &#34;reasonable period of time&#34;).

2. If there is disagreement between the Union and the United Kingdom on the reasonable period of time to comply with the arbitration panel ruling, the complainant shall, within 40 days of the notification by the respondent under paragraph 1, request the original arbitration panel in writing to determine the length of the reasonable period of time. Such request shall be notified simultaneously to the respondent. The arbitration panel shall notify its decision on the period for compliance to the Union and the United Kingdom within 40 days of the date of submission of the request.

3. In the event of the original arbitration panel, or some of its members, being unable to reconvene to consider a request under paragraph 2, a new arbitration panel shall be established as set out in Article 171. The time limit for notifying the decision shall be 60 days from the date of establishment of the new arbitration panel.

4. The respondent shall inform the complainant in writing of its progress in complying with the arbitration panel ruling referred to in Article 173 at least 1 month before the expiry of the reasonable period of time.

5. The reasonable period of time may be extended by mutual agreement of the Union and the United Kingdom.

ARTICLE 177 — Review of any measure taken to comply with the arbitration panel ruling
1. The respondent shall notify the complainant before the end of the reasonable period of time of any measure that it has taken to comply with the arbitration panel ruling.

2. If, at the end of the reasonable period, the complainant considers that the respondent has failed to comply with the arbitration panel ruling referred to in Article 173, the complainant may request the original arbitration panel in writing to rule on the matter. The arbitration panel shall notify its ruling to the Union and the United Kingdom within 90 days of the date of submission of the request.

3. In the event of the original arbitration panel, or some of its members, being unable to reconvene to consider a request under paragraph 2, a new arbitration panel shall be established as set out in Article 171. The time limit for notifying the ruling shall be 60 days from the date of establishment of the new arbitration panel.

4. Where a case referred to the arbitration panel pursuant to paragraph 2 raises a question of interpretation of a concept of Union law or a question of interpretation of a provision of Union law referred to in this Agreement, Article 174 shall apply mutatis mutandis.

ARTICLE 178 — Temporary remedies in case of non-compliance
1. If the arbitration panel rules in accordance with Article 177(2) that the respondent has failed to comply with the arbitration panel ruling referred to in Article 173, at the request of the complainant it may impose a lump sum or penalty payment to be paid to the complainant. In determining the lump sum or penalty payment, the arbitration panel shall take into account the seriousness of the non-compliance and underlying breach of obligation, the duration of the non‐compliance and underlying breach of obligation.

2. If, 1 month after the arbitration panel ruling referred to in paragraph 1, the respondent has failed to pay any lump sum or penalty payment imposed on it, or if, 6 months after the arbitration panel ruling referred to in Article 177(2), the respondent persists in not complying with the arbitration panel ruling referred to in Article 173, the complainant shall be entitled, upon notification to the respondent, to suspend obligations arising from:

(a) any provision of this Agreement other than those contained in Part Two; or

(b) parts of any other agreement between the Union and the United Kingdom under the conditions set out in that agreement.

The notification shall specify the provisions which the complainant intends to suspend. Before deciding to suspend parts of an agreement referred to in point (b) the complainant shall first consider whether the suspension of the provision of this Agreement in accordance with point (a) would be an appropriate response to the breach. Any suspension shall be proportionate to the breach of obligation concerned, taking into account the gravity of the breach and the rights in question and, where the suspension is based on the fact that the respondent persists in not complying with the arbitration panel ruling referred to in Article 173, whether a penalty payment has been imposed on the respondent and has been paid or is still being paid by the latter.

The complainant may implement the suspension at any moment but not earlier than 10 days after the date of the notification, unless the respondent has requested arbitration under paragraph 3.

3. If the respondent considers that the extent of the suspension set out in the notification referred to in paragraph 2 is not proportionate, it may request the original arbitration panel in writing to rule on the matter. Such request shall be notified to the complainant before the expiry of the 10-day period referred to in paragraph 2. The arbitration panel shall notify its ruling to the Union and the United Kingdom within 60 days of the date of submission of the request. Obligations shall not be suspended until the arbitration panel has notified its ruling, and any suspension shall be consistent with the arbitration panel ruling.

4. In the event of the original arbitration panel, or some of its members, being unable to reconvene to consider a request under paragraph 2, a new arbitration panel shall be established as set out in Article 171. In such cases, the period for notifying the ruling shall be 90 days from the date of establishment of the new arbitration panel.

5. The suspension of obligations shall be temporary and shall be applied only until any measure found to be inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement has been withdrawn or amended, so as to achieve conformity with the provisions of this Agreement, or until the Union and the United Kingdom have agreed to otherwise settle the dispute.

ARTICLE 179 — Review of any measure taken after temporary remedies
1. Where the complainant has suspended obligations in accordance with Article 178 or where the arbitration panel has imposed a penalty payment on the respondent in accordance with Article 178(1), the respondent shall notify the complainant of any measure it has taken to comply with the ruling of the arbitration panel and of its request for an end to the suspension of obligations applied by the complainant or to the penalty payment.

2. If the Union and the United Kingdom do not reach an agreement on whether the notified measure brings the respondent into conformity with the provisions of this Agreement within 45 days of the date of submission of the notification, either party may request the original arbitration panel in writing to rule on the matter. Such request shall be notified simultaneously to the other party. The arbitration panel ruling shall be notified to the Union and the United Kingdom and to the Joint Committee within 75 days of the date of submission of the request.

If the arbitration panel rules that the respondent has brought itself into conformity with this Agreement, or if the complainant does not, within 45 days of the submission of the notification referred to in paragraph 1, request that the original arbitration panel rule on the matter:

(a) the suspension of obligations shall be terminated within 15 days of either the ruling of the arbitration panel or the end of the 45-day period;

(b) the penalty payment shall be terminated on the day after either the ruling of the arbitration panel or the end of the 45-day period.

3. In the event of the original arbitration panel, or some of its members, being unable to reconvene to consider a request under paragraph 2, a new arbitration panel shall be established as set out in Article 171. The period for notifying the ruling shall in that case be 90 days from the date of establishment of the new arbitration panel.

4. Where a case referred to the arbitration panel pursuant to paragraph 2 raises a question of interpretation of a concept of Union law or a question of interpretation of a provision of Union law referred to in this Agreement, Article 174 shall apply mutatis mutandis.

ARTICLE 180 — Arbitration panel decisions and rulings
1. The arbitration panel shall make every effort to take decisions by consensus. Where, nevertheless, a decision cannot be arrived at by consensus, the matter at issue shall be decided by majority vote. However, in no case dissenting opinions of members of an arbitration panel shall be published.

2. Any ruling of the arbitration panel shall be binding on the Union and the United Kingdom. The ruling shall set out the findings of fact, the applicability of the relevant provisions of this Agreement, and the reasoning behind any findings and conclusions. The Union and the United Kingdom shall make the arbitration panel rulings and decisions publicly available in their entirety, subject to the protection of confidential information.

ARTICLE 181 — Members of an arbitration panel
1. The members of an arbitration panel shall be independent, shall serve in their individual capacity and shall not take instructions from any organisation or government, and shall comply with the Code of Conduct set out in Part B of Annex IX. The Joint Committee may amend that Code of Conduct.

2. The members of an arbitration panel shall, as from the establishment thereof, enjoy immunity from legal proceedings in the Union and the United Kingdom with respect to acts performed by them in the exercise of their functions on that arbitration panel.

ARTICLE 182 — Protocols and Annexes
The Protocol on Ireland / Northern Ireland, the Protocol relating to the Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus, the Protocol on Gibraltar, and Annexes I to IX shall form an integral part of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 183 — Authentic texts and depositary
This Agreement is drawn up in a single original in the Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish and Swedish languages, the texts in each of these languages being equally authentic.

The Secretary General of the Council shall be the depositary of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 184 — Negotiations on the future relationship
The Union and the United Kingdom shall use their best endeavours, in good faith and in full respect of their respective legal orders, to take the necessary steps to negotiate expeditiously the agreements governing their future relationship referred to in the Political Declaration of 17 October 2019 and to conduct the relevant procedures for the ratification or conclusion of those agreements, with a view to ensuring that those agreements apply, to the extent possible, as from the end of the transition period.

ARTICLE 185 — Entry into force and application
This Agreement shall enter into force on one of the following dates, whichever is the earliest:

(a) the day following the end of the period provided for in Article 50(3) TEU, as extended by the European Council in agreement with the United Kingdom, provided that, prior to that date, the depositary of this Agreement has received the written notifications by the Union and the United Kingdom regarding the completion of the necessary internal procedures;

(b) the first day of the month following the receipt by the depositary of this Agreement of the last of the written notifications referred to in point (a).

In the event that, prior to the end of the period provided for in Article 50(3) TEU, as extended by the European Council in agreement with the United Kingdom, the depositary of this Agreement has not received the written notifications referred to in point (a), this Agreement shall not enter into force.

When making the written notification referred to in the first paragraph, the Union, in respect of any Member State which has raised reasons related to fundamental principles of national law of that Member State, may declare that, during the transition period, in addition to the grounds for non‐execution of a European arrest warrant referred to in Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA, the executing judicial authorities of that Member State may refuse to surrender its nationals to the United Kingdom pursuant to a European arrest warrant. In such a case, the United Kingdom may declare, no later than 1 month after the receipt of the Union's declaration, that its executing judicial authorities may refuse to surrender its nationals to that Member State.

Parts Two and Three, with the exception of Article 19, Article 34(1), Article 44, and Article 96(1), as well as Title I of Part Six and Articles 169 to 181, shall apply as from the end of the transition period.

The Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland shall apply as from the end of the transition period, with the exception of the following provisions of that Protocol, which shall apply as from the entry into force of this Agreement:

— Article 1;

— the third, fourth and sixth subparagraphs of Article 5 (2);

— the second sentence of Article 5(3);

— the last sentence of Article 10(2);

— Article 12(3);

— Article 13(8);

— Article 14;

— Article 15(1) to (4) and (6);

— Article 19;

— the first paragraph of Annex 6.

The Protocol relating to the Sovereign Base Areas of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Cyprus, with the exception of Article 11 thereof, shall apply as from the end of the transition period.

The Protocol on Gibraltar, with the exception of Article 1 thereof, shall cease to apply at the end of the transition period.

Protocols

 * Protocol on Ireland-Northern Ireland


 * Protocol Relating to the Sovereign Base Areas of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Cyprus


 * Protocol on Gibraltar

Annexes

 * Annexes