A Practical Grammar of the Latin Language/Lesson 6


 * A. The adjectives in er, is, e are but few in number. The nominative masculine has sometimes is instead of er.

So decline alacer or alacris, cheerful; celeber or celebris, famous; celer or celeris, swift; salūber or salūbris, wholesome.

Adjectives of One Termination.

 * B. Adjectives of one termination do not differ essentially from other words of the third declension, except that they may have either e or i in the ablative. The present participle in ns is included in this class. Examples:&mdash;

So decline fēlix, fēlīcis, happy; pauper, pauperis, poor; anceps, ancipitis, doubtful; sollers, sollertis, clever; prūdēns, prūdentis, wise; amāns, amantis, loving, &c.

Remarks on the Ablative.

 * 1) Participles in āns or ēns have always e in the ablative, when they are used as participles proper or as substantives; as, sōle oriente, when the sun rises; īnfāns, abl. īnfante, the infant. But when used as adjectives, they have rather i than e.
 * 2) Comparatives have rather e than i, as mājor, mājōre, greater, &c.
 * 3) Praesēns, present, when said of things, has i, when said of persons, e.
 * 4) Proper names derived from adjectives have always e, Clēmēns, Clēmente.
 * 5) Those that have e exclusively are pauper, senex, princeps, and the majority of this in es as dīves, sōspes, dēses, pūbēs, impūbēs", and superstes".


 * C. Obs. The partitive genitive of neuter adjectives after aliquid, nihil, &c. can only be used when the adjective is of the second declension. Thus we can only say aliquid vīle, turpe, &c., and not aliquid turpis; but indifferently either aliquid bonum or aliquid bonī.


 * D. Obs. The English that, or the one, is, among the later Latin authors, expressed by the demonstrative ille, illa, illud. By the earlier classical writers, however, the noun is either itself repeated or to be supplied from the context.

E. Obs. In double questions, the first member is introduced by utrum (whether) or by enclitic -ne, and the second member by an (or). Thus:&mdash;

Exercise 5.
See the answers here.


 * 1) Have you my book? — I have it not.
 * 2) Which book have you? — I have my good book.
 * 3) Have you anything ugly? — I have nothing ugly. — I have something pretty.
 * 4) Which table have you? — I have the baker's.
 * 5) Have you the baker's dog or the neighbor's? — I have the neighbor's.
 * 6) What have you? — I have nothing.
 * 7) Have you the good or bad sugar? — I have the good.
 * 8) Have you the neighbor's good or bad horse? — I have the good (one).$1$
 * 9) Have you the golden or the silver candlestick? — I have the silver candlestick.
 * 10) Have you my neighbor's paper, or that of my tailor? — I have that of your tailor.
 * 11) Are you hungry or thirsty? — I am hungry.
 * 12) Are you sleepy or tired? — I am tired.
 * 13) What have you pretty? — I have nothing pretty.
 * 14) Have you anything ugly? — I have nothing ugly.
 * 15) Have you the leather shoe? — I have it not.
 * 16) What have you good? — I have the good sugar.

Footnotes.
$2$ See Remark 5 $1$ The words included in parentheses are not to be translated in these exercises.